Analyzing the Narrative Essay Example for Free

Analyzing the Narrative EssayI. The Short WritingThe Winter EssayIt was the pass of 2006, in the month of January, and my junior year of high school. By this fourth dimension in high school Id had some quirky teachers and to be h superstarst Mr. DeBruyn didnt come upm so uniquely special(prenominal) but app arently he had his moments. English contour began on a mean solar day when it seemed like school should arrive been cancelled due to the blizzardous weather ahead that morning. Mr. DeBruyn had an auspicious look on his face then says, Were doing an in class writing appellation today but its non liberation to be in class. The whole class paused and waited for his next sentence. He told everyone to go to our lockers and get prepared to go surfaceside. Everyone protested and all he could say is you convey three minutes, dress warm, as if we wouldnt Back in the classroom we grabbed our notebooks as best we could with our gloves, scarves, hats, and puffy winter coats to hold us covert.The assignment was to write about nature, as usual, but this time from a first hand experience. We were to pick a certain aspect of what we say outside and contend how the snow and winter weather affected it, whether it be a plant, bush, tree, or whatever. Once outside everyone was shivering and freezing trying to slap down notes as fast as possible. Mr. DeBruyn then pulled out a digital camera and took a picture of the spot each student examined. Back inside everyone locomote to finish an essay of their choppy notes. Id hoped it wasnt worth much of our grade.A few months went by and he hadnt mentioned anything about the assignment, nor gave it back to us. It was April now. He returned the assignment and no one scored higher than a B, which was expected. He then gave us each a copy of the area we studied, from the pictures he had taken, and sent us back outside to re-examine the same spot. We were told to re-write the assignment and now descriptively compare the two images and had the weather conditions made the images vary.Mr. DeBruyn turned out not to be so bad, in fact he was kind of cool. I liked that he had challenged us in unique ways, and apparently so did everyone else. Turns out, his creative teaching style touched the hearts of a lot of students, not just me. As proof, he was voted as the teacher to speak at our graduation. And that is no small honor. The privilege of addressing the graduating class at their commencement exercises is a direct testament to to how much the teachers is loved and appreciated by the class. The teacher chosen, therefore, is the one who has the most positive impact on the entire class. And I most certainly agree that Mr. DeBruyn has been an inspiration, and I will neer look at winter the same way again.II. Analyzing the NarrativeThe story of Mr. DeBruyn is a compelling piece of narrative, very primary in its use of voice communication, but highly poignant and altogether with emotions. The use of simp le words and straightforward imagery makes the material accessible to everyone. However, while simple and highly accessible, the piece is equally provocative, engaging the reader in philosophical musings, while reading the piece and afterwards. Teachers and students alike will find lessons in the simple story of Mr. DeBruyn and the lessons about life that he imparts to his students.The most big theme in the essay is the concept of education being practice by the teacher, Mr. DeBruyn. John Dewey, the great educational philosopher, once said that there is no better context for learning than the context of touch fitting life. Sadly, most classes offer pure theories without any exposure on how such theories find practical pattern in the real life. In particular, Deweys ideas on using real-life tasks and challenges find great significance in my class with Mr. DeBruyn. The opportunities he provided the class to experience real life is truly one lesson that everyone in that class will n ever forget.Teaching is perhaps one of the most meaningful of all professions because every day you are given the chance to make meaningful and lasting contribution to an individuals life. In fact the No Child Left fag end Act recognizes the singular strength of teachers in the learning process so much so that the bar has been raised for teachers in the hopes of improving the educational system. I believe that a big part of the decline in education is that most teachers energize lost pride in their vocation. Teachers must have a sense of dignity of work. Unfortunately, when the work is hard and the money is tight, that is easily forgotten. As such, there is an urgent need for reforms, and the community should take an active role in making teachers feel much valued through active support and ac fareledgement.By the single act of capturing winter and seeing the image compared with another season, the class became more than aware of their surroundings and became more appreciative of the world around them. In one singular stroke of genius, Mr. DeBruyn was able to rekindle our sense of appreciation and discovery, things which are at the very heart of learning, and is essential for every student and teacher to have, regardless of whatever subject is being taught or learned.Of course, of utmost importance is what I have learned from this class. If there is one thing that I will carry from my experience with Mr. DeBruyn, it is that you have to let your students take the lead. As a teacher you have to be very sensitive to the signals that your students are sending you individually and collectively as a class. Learners will always give you signs whether you are doing the right thing or not. You have to be ready for contingencies and be prepared to make on the spot adjustments. Let them tell you how they want to learn, because they know what they need from their teacher. I have learned to look at things from all possible levels and adopt my thinking from those per spectives.If I become a teacher, I should never impose myself on them instead let them teach me how they want to be taught. This is an important realization that I will always keep in consciousness should I decide to enter the teaching vocation. Indeed while it is dead on target that students need to feel that psyche is in control and responsible for their environment and sets classroom limits but maintains them (Wong, 2001), it is more important for teachers to let the minds of the students soar in wonder and discovery. Of course it deserves to be mentioned that the things I have learned from Mr. DeBruyn goes beyond the classroom more than teaching a lesson, Mr. DeBruyn taught us about life.III. InteractingMuch has been said about the nobility of the teaching profession, and indeed, the high sense of duty and the self-sacrifices required from a teacher on a daily basis is nothing less than heroic. I see this first hand in the story of DeBruyns class. From this very simple essay I have realized that educational reforms do not necessarily need to cost anything. Indeed, Mr. DeBruyn has shown that it does not take too much time or money to effect a change inside the classroom.As what Mr. DeBruyn has shown, all that is needed is the passion for teaching and genuine desire to share in the learning experience. It is not difficult, and all that is needed to go back to the basics. In the educational process, all teachers must be reminded that the learning process starts with what the child knows. precedent learning is the framework where new concepts are built upon. As such, every teacher should begin with the previous lesson and connect it to the new material. Let the child see the family family and build their own concepts. This way the child earns ownership of what he has learned because it was a result of what he already knows.These are the things I have been able to reflect upon, and it has had a profound effect in me as an individual looking her place in t he sun. From firsthand experience, I have witnessed the power of the teacher to make meaningful and lasting contribution to the lives of students. Indeed the teacher is the single biggest factor that determines the success or failure of the students to learn what they should. I have realized that it is the teacher who creates the atmosphere that focuses the class on their tasks and keeps them engaged in the lessons. Indeed, every moment is an opportunity to learn, and the teacher must create that opportunity for the students. (Mujis, 2005, 75) training Mr. DeBruyn I have realized that Mr. capital of Minnesota Trout of The Chronicle Review would be very pleased by his story. Mr. Trout, in her article entitled Shame on You, takes a critical look at education and forwards the idea that the more the classrooms are threats to the students morale and well-being. While Mr. Trouts arguments may be valid, Mr. DeBruyn fly in the face of Mr. Trouts thesis. There can be redemption and life-chan ging inspiration within the four halls of the classroom. The negative view of the teachers and the school, while not unfounded, is not always true. Across the country, teachers are making a difference in the lives of students, one kind word and encouragement at a time.According to Paul Freires Pedagogy of the Oppressed (1993), A careful analysis of the teacher-student relationship at any level, inside or outside the school, reveals its fundamentally narrative character. This relationship involves a narrating Subject (the teacher) and patient listening objects (the students). This description of Friere depicts a one-way relationship between students and teachers, and as such, the transfer of companionship occurs when the teacher narrates or uses words to teach. alone words, while extremely powerful and effective at initiating change is not the only tool at a teachers disposal. veridical experiences go beyond any words to properly describe. Mr. DeBruyn proved this by immersing his class in authentic experiences, which did not need much explaining. It was an exchange of knowledge that took place in the heart.I think that the philosophy that comes closest to Mr. DeBruyns teaching style is the one espoused by Ms. Rachel Toor. In her article, Its Mr. Orwell to You, she promoted a teacher-student relationship that was informal. Not informal in the sense that the students treat teachers without any respect. Rather, students approach the learning system with intimacy. They view a piece of literature as someone written by a real person, and as such, is someone they can very well relate to. By humanizing lessons, the students become less intimidated, are able to relax their mind and be open to more learning.Indeed, education is a complex issue that is fraught with difficulties. But no other profession is more fulfilling. To the individual who has the calling to teach. Pursue it with a heart open to all kinds of possibilities. It will not be easy, not by a long shot. B ut remember that a meaningful life is always fraught with sacrifices. But at the end of the day, the fulfillment is something that you cannot get anywhere else. And that alone is the reason that keeps true teachers inside the classroom each and every day.

Learning Team Assignment Analyzing and Interpreting Essay Example for Free

Learning Team Assignment Analyzing and Interpreting EssayAsk your instructor for specific information regarding the analysis you are required to arrange for your data set.Combine your Week Two Learning Team assignment and Week Three findings with Week Five findings and make a recommendation to the investigate problem.Use the statistical tables given in the appendices of the textbook and a statistical analysis application a MicrosoftDeadline ( ), Business General BusinessIts important to reduce familiar with the teachers you have when you start your classes. Be sure you know where they have their offices and understand how to get in touch with them easily. You need a good affinity with your professors for many reasons.

Variable compression ratio

Variable concretion balanceCHAPTER 1BACKGROUND THEORY OF ENGINES1.1 versatile abridgment RATIO (videocassette recorder) ENGINE1.1.1 INTRODUCTION TO VARIABLE COMPRESSION RATIO ENGINEVariable Compression ratio (videocassette recorder) is a system which is used to adjust the crunch dimensions of the internal burning engine. In wide terms, it change overs the combustion chamber size of the cylinder according to various different operating conditions such as speed, shipment, accele ration and torque. Car sparks and furnish economy atomic number 18 two challenges for the automotive sector in which videocassette recorder engine is a very decent technology come up depression-pitched elicit consumption and pollutant liberation reduction. The car manufacturers realize to look forward for more than thermally efficient and less polluting engine. In present world the automotive sector spends over millions of dollars for approaching low emission as soundly as low fuel cons umption cars. Various different ways are been discovered such as hybrid cars, fuel cell cars, solar cars and many more as hereafter development. VCR engine would practically prove to be boon for automotive sector (Evolution Perspectives). The Fixed Compression Ratio (FCR) engine has a fixed coalescence ratio without any gentle of change in the size of the combustion chamber in cylinder. The FCR engines have utmost emissions due to the fact that when it comes to high speed or load, FCR use more fuel which produces more emissions but VCR engine provides increase in the fuel efficiency nether varying loads and speed. Most of the cars used recently are Spark plug (SI) or diesel Ignition engines. The different ways the SI engine elicit increase its efficiency is by higher compaction ratio, reducing throttle losses, low friction, variable timing valve and down-sizing. The concept of VCR engine significantly contributes its benefits to thermo-dynamic efficiency. The concept of the VCR is that it continuously operates at different coalition ratio as per the motive of the performance. The change in the combustion chamber account book continuously takes settle with the varying in the compression ratio. therefore the thermodynamic advantages are been encountered through the engine map. At low level of power, VCR engine drives at higher compression ratio which can capture high fuel efficiency and at the high power levels the VCR engine runs at low compression ratio to prevent strike hard. Unlikely as FCR engine, the VCR engine keeps the engine temperature more or less at the optimum with high combustion efficiency. It tends to keep high power at the same engine dimensions (Amjad Shaik, 2007).1.1.2 ADVANTAGES OF VCR ENGINE now the environmental safety is a very big issue which is been concerned by many industries end-to-end the world. When it comes to the automobile sector, due to high ethical measures they have high amount of responsibility towards environm ent. All car manufacturing industry are targeting eco-friendly vehicles and down-sizing engine which can lead to the better living environment. In this case VCR engine has many improvements and benefits over FCR engine. All that is possible by the VCR is not been possible by FCR engine in terms of power take as closely as overall efficiency. Some remarkable evaluation perspectives of VCR engineCompression ratio adjustment does not allow knocking, and allows extreme torque and specific power with great driving conditions.At part loads the VCR engine functions to a lower place high compression ratio (up to 161 or 171) which provides better fuel efficiency compared to FCR engine.By retaining in best combination between Ignition advance and compression ratio, VCR engine reduces emission pollutant even under extreme supercharging blood pressure.VCR engine tends to keep the thermodynamic temperature of the engine low compared to FCR by working under preferable compression ratio range and avoid engine heating.It rents increasing load-speed range which can result to effectiveness in lean- intermixtures. The temperature and pressure controls which can permit combustions under ultra-lean mixtures and to set the auto-ignition timing precisely. The overall efficiency of the vehicle increases with pleasant driving conditions. 1.1.3 EXISTING VCR ENGINE CARS Today, in automobile sector on that point are various different companies who are spending billions of dollars on the green car. The aim to keep the environment clean need the cars to lower down their emission and the car manufacturers are spending major of their finance on the research and development. The company are developing no. of different ways that can admirer them to minimise the car emissions and hence make an eco-friendly car. Honda Company Ltd has shown round documents to the World Congress unfolding their development in the recent times when it comes to variable compression ratio engine. They are developing a compact VCR model which will use inertia force of the speculator to switch the compression ratio between high and low stages (Concept Honda RD Developing Variable Compression Ratio Engine with Dual Piston Mechanism, 2009). Secondly SAAB has approached to make a very innovative and efficient VCR engine. At Geneva Motor Show, SAAB had reviled its VCR model which is called as the SVC (Saab Variable Compression) engine. The new innovative concept was more fuel efficient and the concept was totally new. The performance of the engine was far better than before with combination of reduced engine displacement and unique system of variable compression ratio enabling the engine to be more powerful and efficient than before. The fuel consumption of the car is reduced by 30% while the speed of light emissions reduced as well. The CO, NOx and HC emission will meet all the future regulations (Saab Variable, 2008). The SVC engine system would not allow any kind of outer or interna l friction to the engine under operation which can tend to increase losses. The engine combustion chamber would not be detoriate by any kind of system interference (Miller, 2001). Nissan has been developing a kind of diver-crank instrument by the help of which the system to enable the variable compression ratio of the engine, unlike the static compression ratio which was taking place as the other cars. The system optimises the engine rpm with the compression ratio and can advantageously vary with the car driving speed which results in optimum combustion all time and raising output and fuel economy (Nissan). This all cultivation really conveys that the automotive sector is keenly looking forward for various ways and innovative appliance which can prove to be boon for the future car market as well as eco-friendly environment. 1.2 FIXED COMPRESSION RATIO (FCR) ENGINE1.2.1 INTRODUCTION TO FIXED COMPRESSION RATIO ENGINEA fixed compression ratio engine is a normal engine which recent cars have. The compression ratio of the combustion chamber remains the same throughout the operation. bumpicularly they do not have any disadvantages but when we compare it with the VCR engine than they have high fuel consumption as well as emissions. An engine is the main component of the car on which the major amount of car efficiency is depended. The major number of cars on the road is fuel cars, gaseous state or diesel cars. The function of car engine is to transmute the fuel (gasoline) into motion by which the car moves. The car is running through fuel combustion, so the engines are cognize as Internal Combustion Engines. It is known as Internal Combustion Engine because it consists of a combustion chamber in which the combustion of fuel occur using oxidiser, usually air. (Brain, 2010). 1.2.2 FOUR-STROKE INTERNAL COMBUSTION (I.C) ENGINEThe four jibe engine consists of four different strokes-Intake strokeCompression strokeCombustion strokeExhaust strokeThe Piston moves do wnwards form the top dead affectionateness (TDC) to the bottom dead centre (BDC) reducing the pressure inside the cylinder. Suction phenomenon takes place where the mixture of fuel and air is forced to get in to the cylinder through the intake fashion for future combustion process. The intake valve is open in intake stroke where the exhaust valve is closed. As soon as intake stroke completes the intake valve closes down. 2. COMPRESSION STROKECompression stroke is the second stroke of the combustion process. In combustion process the inlet and the exhaust both the valves remain close. The diver is moves up to the top dead centre of the cylinder to compress the air-fuel mixture. This makes an explosion in the cylinder and helps the combustion to take place. This complete stroke is known as the compression stroke. 3. EXPANSION STROKEExpansion stroke is also known as the power stroke. In this stroke both intake and exhaust valve remain close. When the piston is at the top dead centre , the ignition takes place in the combustion chamber usually with the help of spark plug. The air-fuel mixture ignites and results in to massive pressure and this pressure drives the piston back to the bottom dead centre with a spacious force. This complete stroke is called the power stroke because at this stroke of the livelong cycle the power erupts and engines torque is able to drive the car. Power stroke is the most important stroke of the complete cycle in which the ignition takes place leading to power to the engine. 4. EXHAUST STROKEExhaust Stroke is the final stroke of the cycle. In this stroke the inlet valve remains closed and the exhaust valve opens. The piston which is at the bottom dead centre once again goes to the top dead centre fix while the valve is open. The action helps to though out the harvest-time of the combustion from the cylinder outside through help of the exhaust pipe. With the completion of the exhaust valve the completion of the combustion cycle tak es place. (Brain, 2010)1.3 COMPRESSION RATIOThe Compression Ratio of an internal combustion engine is the ratio of the volume of the combustion chamber when the piston is at the bottom dead centre position divided by the volume of the combustion chamber when piston is at the full compression position. In simple terms it is also known as the swept volume (Compression ratio, 2010). The compression ratio of an engine should be higher. Higher the compression ratio, the engine is able to extract more energy form the given mass of the air-fuel mixture because of the higher amount of thermal efficiency. The increase in the power takes place at the moment of ignition and more net work can be achieved by expanding the hot gases at a greater degree. There is major disadvantage while keeping the compression ratio higher is that make the gasoline engine subjected to engine knocking. In technical terms it is also known as detonation. It is mainly caused by using poor quality fuel. Detonation c an cause the engine to reduce its overall efficiency, damage the engine parts and even can result to engine failure. CR = compression ratio Vd = displacement volume Vcv = clearance volume CR = Displacement Volume+Clearance VolumeClearance Volume Compression Ratio = Vd+ VcvVcvCHAPTER 2DESCRIPTION OF VCR PROTOTYPE MODEL2.1 DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING VCR PROTOTYPE The variable compression ratio range is already been made by the previous pupil working. The driving mechanics is well made and is practically operational. The mechanism is very simple. The driving mechanism of the prototype is just an correspondence of the overall system and helps to see different moving parts. The modifications been done are on the way the system has to be driven. The mechanism was been driven manually or by using an galvanizing motor. The system has to be modified and designed to be driven pneumatically. The complete prototype helps to demonstrate the complete system visually. The suppositious part of t he VCR is a bit more complicated, so the visual model really focuses and gives a very clear idea about the whole mechanism as well individual parts. The mechanism shows the rotating shaft motion conversion to the linear motion of the piston-cylinder mechanism driven manually, electric carally or pneumatic sources. The variable compression mechanism is been attached to the system by which the angles of connecting rod lever can be changed which helps to change the travel length of the piston in the cylinder. The change in piston travel length tends to change the swept volume which is technically known as the compression ratio. The mechanism is designed is a way that the compression ratio can be changed easily any time even when the system is running. The angle of eccentric adjustment is given a range from 0 to 60 where it can change compression ratio to certain extends. 2.2 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF VCR PROTOTYPEThe working of the prototype is very simple. The working doctrine is that th e angular motion of the shaft is been converted in to the linear motion of the piston-cylinder. A simple mechanism of the variable compression ratio is adjoined to the overall system. The variable compression ratio mechanism in the system allows the driving mechanism to change various angles by help of which the length of the stroke of piston changes which can change the overall swept volume. Hence the change in swept volume results in the variation in compression ratio. NOTE The figure shows the working principle of the prototype by giving more knowledge about the moving parts and their connection. Detailed drawing is been given further in the report. The driving mechanism consists of various different moving parts as described in the part list. The extension shaft rotates at an angle of 360 which results to one to and fro motion of the piston. one time the extension shaft rotates, the motion is been ecstasyred to the Crank shaft. The crank shaft transfers the motion to the ecc entric journal bearing through the help of connecting rod and lever. At that position the angle of the eccentric mechanism decided the length of stroke of piston. This motion hence results into linear motion of the piston-cylinder mechanism by help of sliding mechanism connection. The piston than moves and completes a two stroke cycle by one revolution of shaft. 2.3 MOTION TRANSFER STUDYA simple overview of the motion transfer from one part of mechanism to the other is been shown.DRIVING SOURCEROTATING SHAFTCONNECTING ROD MOTIONECCENTRIC JOURNAL BEARING MOTIONSLIDING chemical mechanism CONNECTIONLINEAR MOTION OF PISTON-CYLINDER2.4 PART LIST OF PROTOTYPE MODEL PART LIST OF VCR DRIVING MECHANISM Part No.Part Name Quantity1Cylinder Head12Cylinder Block13Piston14 curlicue Bearing35Sliding Mechanism Connection16 grammatical case Journal Bearing27Connection perch Lever18Connection Rod19Crank Shaft110Crank Shaft Mounting111Extension Shaft112Nut Bolt12NOTE The above part list is made on t he fundament of the system without any sort of driving mechanism modifications. The source of driving is manually which helps us to analyse the movement of prototype parts and is simple understanding of the mechanism. 2.5 COMPONENT MATERIAL SELECTION The variable compression ratio prototype is overall well designed. The completely prototype is a compact model and has an catch function. The mechanism of VCR is well managed when it comes to design part. The design is kept simple and piano to understand. The assembly of all components is done in a way that it is easy to disassemble and individual moving parts can be analysed. It is clear that the system is a complete assembly of many working parts. There are lots of parts which are been assembled using welding, or by using nuts and bolts. Some of the parts are been manufactured in the laboratory and some are been obtained from the suppliers due to time and material constraints. The parts which are been obtained directly from the de alerConnecting RodRoller BearingsCrank ShaftConnecting Rod LeverEccentric BearingNuts and BoltsThe parts which are been manufactured in the laboratoryPistonCylinder BlockPrototype foundation (wooden base)Extension Shaft (Attached to electric motor)Supporting bars for assemblyCOMPONENT AND THEIR MATERIAL Part No.Part Name Material1Cylinder HeadPlastic 2Cylinder BlockPlastic3PistonPlastic4Roller BearingPlastic5Sliding Mechanism Connection stain 6Eccentric Journal BearingSteel7Connection Rod Lever regretful Steel8Connection RodForged Steel9Crank ShaftForged Steel10Crank Shaft MountingAluminium 11Extension Shaft course Iron12Nut BoltMild Steel Material Selection Criteria As we can see the material been used in the prototype are metals and have high resistivity to high temperature and external or internal stresses. They do not have a tendency to deform under small loading conditions which really helps to keep the alignment and working of the prototype without any problems. The component s are directly available in the market and it save a lot of time as well as money which can be spending innovating miscellaneous ideas. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VCR PROTOTYPEEvery product or its prototype has some positive as well as negative aspects. The positive features are those which favour the users and the negative aspects are those which create some kind of errors or functional faults. POSITIVE CHARACTERISTICSDESIGNThe complete system is designed in a way that it is really appreciated. The design is compact, easy to analyse and low weight. Even though the material used in most of the parts is metals but even though the overall prototype does not exceed a lot. Looking at the individual design in detailThe existing VCR prototype consist INTRODUCTION TO PNEMATIC SYSTEMPneumatic is a counterbalance of technology which enables the pressurised gas to affect mechanical motion. Pneumatic system is the system which helps to pressurise gas and convert the pressure of gas in to mechanic al motion. There are many industry which use pneumatic systems for various purposes. The compressor is used to compress air and this force of air is used for the various purposes such as dentistry, construction, automobile, mining and many more. Pneumatic system is basically a fixed system which is installed in factories that have application of compressed air for various purposes. normally the moisture is been removed from the air and small quantity of oil is been added in it as lubrication to the moving parts. The basic pneumatic system is most efficient when the theoretical calculation prove basic three thingsAmount of force applied by the actuatorCan that force be able to move the desired loadThe speed at which the load can be movedComponents of Basic Pneumatic SystemPart A Compressor The compressor is the main component of all. It is a manage which compresses air. It simply raises the pressure of compressed air and supplies it to the pneumatic system.Part B Check valve Chec k valve is simple one way valve. This valve allows the compressed air which is having high pressure to enter the pneumatic system. It does not allow the back flow of air again in to the compressor.Part C Accumulator Accumulator is known as the storage tank of the system. It stores the compressed air and hence helps to supply it to system as per the requirement and relieves the duty cycle of compressor.Part D directional Valve The directional valve gives the direction to the compressed air and controls the flow of air from source to port selected. This can be done manually or might be used sensors or electrically to give better precision. Part E Actuator Actuator is the device which concerts the force (energy) of compressed air into the mechanical motion. (Elements of Basic Pneumatic system, 2003) working(a) of Pneumatic systemAtmospheric air is been drawn in to the air filter in which the air is been filter. The foreign material, duct particles are been removed and thoroughgoin g(a) air is achieved. The air then passes to the compressor where it gets compressed to a certain required pressure. The vapour and humidity is been removed making air dry and pressurised. Then the air is passed to the reservoir where the pressured air is been stored and can be readily available when required. It is known as accumulator. Many companies tend to compress air in a huge compressor and then store it in different storage reservoirs at different places without any kind of pressure (energy) loss. The pressure development is been depended on the size and competency of the compressor. There are many safety devices used in the system like valves and sensors which readily help to ensure complete safety of the system. After it is stored in the reservoir it is been used whenever and wherever required using control valve which can help to control the flow of pressurised air and help to use the energy to convert to mechanical motion.

Comparing China And Germanys Business Cultural Differences

Comparing China And Germanys parentage heathenish DifferencesIn a country, the behaviour of the individuals and their work ethical code nurture is determined by the topic horti tillage. It to a fault varies from country to country. Academic much(prenominal) as Suku et al (2007), stated that, managers who interferes should non label batchs value, orientation and attitudes of others based on the set of their local coatings. It is master(prenominal) to gain that cultures differs from one place to another, Chinese culture differs from Europeans cultures. In China, they attached importance on hierarchy in an organization. hofstede study is one of the widely recognise pagan identification and measurement which puddle to a fault received wide criticism. As views to China, they slang strong ethic and clan attachment, because Chinese managers ar better loc altogethery. Most often it is easy to find Chinese managers generally middle age and family line of backing owners r anging from small to medium size. Suku (2007p5). Similarly, Chineses governments are trying to build Chinese brand, and products that leave compete globally with the aim of becoming global champion. They seek to adjust the image of chine in blood line and protect indigenous companies from foreign competition.Consequently, Germany is an already established economy being the third richest country in the world and the richest in Europe. Management style in western European is in like manner antithetic from the Chinese management style. Germany for instance pass water so much bureaucracy and hidden group of advisors which assoils decision making process s crushed remote China where decisions are taken by compelling individuals discussed in power distance in this assignment. However, the management style in western culture appears to a groovyer extent transparent and reliable than in China and approximately Asian cultures. This assignment will discuss the cultural differences in China and Germany using, Hofstedes and Schwartzs theories, monochronic-pluralistic, compare high and commencement context culture, Trompenaars framework and other concepts. The assignment will also discussed the impact of adapting good cross cultural practices by local managers across entraps. The arrange to the assignment question will be provided based on some changes with relation to the discussions in this assignment.2. Comparing and Contrasting China and Germany Cultural Differences using Hofstede and Schwartz Cultural Framework individualistics are inclined by cultural norms, tradition, religions and local tactual sensation which are un plausibly to be affected by changes. However, as civilization reaches different part of the world, individual are learning to adapt to their new environment in doing business. Some of the hofsteded studies and concepts are discussed below.A. Power distanceThere is no doubts that some societies are unequal than others but some are much unequal than others. Power distance describes the relationship which exists between the less powerful and the more powerful commonwealth in the community. According to Hofstede (1983b), power distance also refers to the hierarchy and the extent employees feel to be dependent on their managers at work.Human breeding is associated with hierarchy, China culture have comparative wider gap between the high and low, which leads to the rich feeling powerful and respected by the volume, in that respect is also demean prospect of movement between different classes, or levels.High power cultures like China expects supervisors to be the decision makers, and be the problem solvers, race are scare of disagreeing with the supervisors. Members of high power distance accept ine caliber as part of the culture. However, in low power distance much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Germany, quite a little shtup disagree with their supervisors and feel confident to disagree with supervisors and as a m eans of defense members will often express an upward aggression although on the Q.T. and does not fear for confrontation with their boss. Hofstede (1983a). Members earn their respect and power lavatory only be gained by the best and the best earns it, pot do not gain power by merely influencing others by their position or money. There is low significant gap between the boss and the employees and the inequality among the people are minimal. Members require independent from their boss and do not require central authority and autonomy. People are not afraid to fight for their rights which make inequality unacceptable.B. Individualism/collectivismAccording to Hofatede (1983a), individualism collectivism is the degree identity is based on the individual and the extent the individual is incorporated in the group rather than the group or system. In other words, this distinguishes between the individual and individual collectivity. Gibson et al (1998). Individualism collectivism is also the reflection of ones ethic and way of life. According to Hofstede research, Germany are included in the high individualism places which places high value on ones willpower and individual initiatives. Individual self defense is based on personal achievements and self evaluation. Individuals judgment comes from both their personal achievement and the determine place on the recognition by the society. Early et al (1999). In such culture, members pay more attention in themselves and their immediate family than the group.There is freedom of normal and right to owns imprint. Members of high individualistic cultures show more acceptance to competitive behaviour than members of low individualistic culture. Therefore in Germany internal culture, people will not be afraid to express their opinion or defend themselves and would sometimes go any length to accelerate their success. Whereas, in a collectivism or low individualism culture such as China, members show more attention to grou p identity, strong ties rather than ones self. Members are born in these societies and include extended families. According to Markus and Kitayama (1991), collectivists are well-to-do when the group survives and judges their own success and failure on the activities of their association. Group needs take preference over the needs of the individual, and members frown at aggressive behaviour since disagreement will disrupt the group harmony and collective state objectives. Bergeron and Schneider (2005).C. Masculinity/ femininityAs Hofstede (1980, 1983b) stated, masculinity/femininity can be distinguished by the level of roles distributions between the genders in the societies and the true biological difference being procreation. Similarly, these roles have being identified across the world as a social sex role division. National cultures which has masculinity shows the same values, however, under the same conditions, mens show different value. Men values are different from women bec ause men are competitive while women are modest and caring. According to Hofstede (1980), aggressive pole are label masculinity and untalkative pole as feminine. Hofstede identified the national business culture of Germany and China as masculinity. Masculine expression is seen as aggressive, sound, cogent, and not personalized, while feminine expression is judged as cautious, welcoming, indirect, emotional, prejudiced and polite. Pearson (1981). In both Germany and China cultures, they show masculine characters, emotions are not expressed, men dominates discussions, and ineffective listeners, members of masculine cultures are more likely to exhibits aggression. Borisoff and Merrill (1985). In summary, According to the authors, femininity has been identified as being polite, humbly behaved, obedient and emotional, members does not support aggression and pay more attention on interpersonal relationship.3. Reviewing countries against Trompenaars frameworkUniversalism v ParticularismUn iversalism and particularism refers to the way societies leave the law of morality and ethics. In a universalism culture, people believe they can learn all that is true and good and always determined to defend the truth. The rule of particularism is based on human judgment and friendship. Germany is an example of a universalism culture, where rules and contract are do and applied in all circumstances. Due to the universalistic approach In Germany, contract are interpreted and communicated based on the terms of the agreement which also define the relationship that exist between the parties in business. However, in a particularistic culture such as China, deciding what is right or wrong(p) depends on the exact situation and relationships of the people involved.For the Chinese, relationship is defined based on the individual involved and the circumstances. In China, legal contract only emphasizes the commencement ceremony of a contract terms of agreement which often changes with th e circumstances. International business culture tends toward the universalistic idea. In universalistic culture such as Germany, there is greater competition among employees for better job and higher earning with forbidden regarding relationship whereas in China, employee focus solely on relationship. There is always room for change in a particuistic culture, rules and regulations are flexible. Finally, these differences in culture are a huge challenges for international companies wishing to enter global market in this countries, although sometimes, these changes whitethorn stir to be an advantage.4. High context versus low contextIt is essential to consider the cultural differences and the most common intercourse process in individualistic and collectivized cultures to communicate effectively. This difference is best explained using low and high context communication. The context depends on the extent you know before you can communicate successfully. paradox often arise due to teaching sharing when workers from low and high context have to work together. This is sometimes grouped as differences in direction, quality and quantity. High context refers to societies or group where people have close connection and relationship over a long period of time. As a result of many years of interaction with each other, majority of the people know what to do and what to expect from members therefore cultural behaviour are not clearly laid bulge out.Workers from High context cultures such as China adapt to their friends and stays very close to their families and colleagues. Workers also want to share information about various other topics among themselves. These keep every member of the group up to date with current events around the community and business.Whereas, Low context refers to societies or group appears to have many connections for a short period of time or for a purpose. Since members have shorter connections, cultural behaviours are clearly laid out in ord er to enable people entering the environment to understand what is expected of them and how to behave. Consequently, low context cultures such as Germany familiarizes with as mush people as possible in their everyday life because differentiation between groups are less. Workers only share minimum information enough to carry out their work, people rarely discuss or share information amongst colleagues. In China, people exchange information both at work and in private, which makes communication very proficient. They discussed everything in advance and agree on a common decision which is announced and approved in an official meeting which the people regards as ceremonious. The Chinese values this practice and regard it as dignifying. In contrast, the Germans are very formal, would not disclose agenda for a meeting before the true time. They would only discuss important information in the meeting which will enable everyone present contributes to the decision making process. High contex t societies also have dense, strong boundaries, intersecting networks and favours relationship higher than deputes while low context culture have wide networks , loose and favours tasks more than relationships.5. Monochronic v Polychronic culturesIn a monochronic culture, people prefer doing one ace thing at a time while in a polychromic culture, people would prefer to multi task at the same time. National business cultural norm in a polychromic culture comprises of an stretch door policy, meeting and business all at the same time. Germany is a monochronic culture while China is a polychronic. These differences can sometime cause problem in business transaction, example, a German prefer a close door conversation during business meeting and would not like to be interrupted by phone calls or people intruding into the office. They feel less important and disrespected if business is going on at the same time the phone is ringing and staff interrupting the conversation. The Chinese ha ve a flexible time manner which allows them to switch from one task to other as the need arise. To a polychronic, time is unending, and flows like the sea from without end past to present unto the future.For a monochronic such as German, only one thing is permitted at a time until is successfully completed before they can switch to another. Monochronic also regards time as distinct, with an ending, they see as a single unit of hours, minutes and seconds. They prefer to plan, organize their schedules around the ticking of the time. They value time so much that lateness is not acceptable, punctuality is compulsory and people are expected to meet deadlines at work. In Polychronic cultures such as China, people like to relax, enjoy themselves, and be the person they are rather than weighing themselves down with the highly demanding world of business planning and activities. They do not regard lateness as an offense and people are allowed to work around their schedule as long as the wor k is completed.6. ConclusionFrom the above discussions, this assignment will therefore conclude that National Business Cultures are affected by the Changing Environments. Language, Aesthetics, religion, education, attitudes and values, social organisation are some of the changes that affect the national business of a country. Some of these are discussed briefly below.LanguageLanguage to a greater extent determines the values and nature of the society. In some countries several dialects deters the business interaction among the people. Sub-cultural languages are also some of the causes of communication and tribal problems in some countries. As people travel from one place to another, language can be an advantage or disadvantage in engaging in business. As people interact they feel more confident to trust others and adapt some of the cultural norms discussed above. Languages also affect relationship and how work is done in both a monochronic and polychronic society. Language also carr ying different meaning in a high and low context culture, these concepts often relate to the balance between the spoken and non spoken language. In a high context culture such as China, messages carry different meaning, it is important to understand some of the hidden cultural meaning in a message, whereas in a low context what is said carries the same meaning of the message.ReligionAccording to hofstede (1991), China is an Atheist society, their religion is best understood by the study of Confucius teaching and concepts. In some countries religions laws are used to govern a state and will restrict individual willpower and initiatives in doing certain business. Chinese government supports this belief which reflects the attitudes of the peoples in relation to carefulness and determination. Belief and religion will also determine the level of individualistic-collectivistic of a society. However, National Business practices are changing because young people are being educated in weste rn style business schools and culture. Also organizations are obliged to adapt their products and services to the local culture n order not to be offensive, unlawful or not tasty to the local nation. In 2007, several advertisement relating to pig which ban in order not to offend the 2% Muslim Chinese minority, the ban was to include any picture which represents any aspect of pig meat such as sausages or picture cartoon. Consequently, Germans religion is divided into Roman Catholic and Protestants which is also practices across Europe. There is no compulsory religion in Germany, as religion is not mixed with politic. There s freedom of everything. As people belief is constants changing, the national business environment is also affected.Attitudes and valuesIndividual Attitudes and values changes from place to place and can also change among people in the same country. It is also important to understand the local environment and the culture before entering the market. Universalism and particularism are also some of the cultural practice that changes by the attitude and values in the society. Chinese people will not do business with a stranger and prefer to do business with someone they know and can trust. Companies wishing to do businesses in China have to form friendship with the local people to establish friendship and trust not just for a short time but on a long time bases in order whereas the reverse is the case in Germany. Similarly, in some cases, promotional messages or delicate branding are knowing according to the local cultures, managing local employee also may pose a challenge. Example, In 2004, China ban a Nike TV advert which shows a basketball star in a fight with kung fu master cartoon because the advert is an insult to Chinese national dignity. The effect of attitude and value on national business of a country is an important ingredient which has to be clearly studied and understood in constantly reviewed in order to keep on track the changes that may hinder businesses with the country.EducationThe degree of interaction between people in a society depends on the level of education. Education also determines how messages are communicated to the people and the medium of communication. The level of education among people changes from country to country. Example, it is difficult to use communication messages such as written materials to advertise in a country with a low literacy level, in such country, it will be wish to use radio advertising with audio communication and billboards. brand and labeling of the products is another medium of advertising in such society. In China, most management courses are taught according to the standard of the western culture. As more people get educated in western way of thinking, this unarguably boasted business culture and enable modern theories and business model to take over buckram and traditional leadership style. Moreover, the need for advancement in research and development is a si gnificant influence for both China and Germany who always seek to remedy their business environment. However, as a result of word counts and limit, this will not be elaborated any further. Finally, the discussion can point out to the feature that National business culture of a nation is affected to the changing environment.7. Management style and managing across bordersFinally, in discussing some of the facts important to Saudi managers to succeed across borders in business, they should learn the management style, culture of the local people and respect their cultural differences. It is important to develop how to manage cultural diversity, differences and conflicts, dealing with issues such as control and coordination, communication and teamness Marquardt et al, Shenkar and Zeira, (2001)Cultural diversity and language difference is a challenge to any multinational company. When doing business in countries like China, managers should seek to build a lasting relationship with the l ocal people to gain their trust and friendship. When cultural differences are neglected at work several challenges such as conflict occurs. It is important to recognize others and built flexible team, empower team members and involve staff in decision making process. When intercultural skills are ignored, results may be rage, communication barrier, and difficulty in sharing knowledge. Managers should be empathic and understand the cultural practice in countries where they are operating. Some of these cultures have great significant in the individuals and society in general as discussed above, it is therefore necessary to acquire the norms and focus on how businesses should adapt to theses cultural practices across border as stated in this assignment.Managers should understand Hofstede and Schwartz theories, monochronic polychronic, individualistic collectivistic and other cultural differences discussed in this assignment and apply them correctly in individual nation. Managers should understand what their local business environment requires and design products and services to meet such demands which will encourage universalism. They should ensure business in done in an open way according to the nations managerial style and culture example in Germany where employee competition is encouraged by companies. In conclusion, managers should always reflects on their local culture, and apply the ethic and values in cross cultural borders as a means to understanding how other nations operate before judging them.8. ReferencesSuku Bhaskaran (2007), National culture, business culture and management practices, consequential relationships Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia, and Nishal Sukumaran. The Melbourne Business School. Australia Cross Cultural Management, international Journal vol 14 no 1. 2007 pp 54-67Dickson et al., 2003 Business Journal of Management vol 3 issue 3Suku Bhaskaran (2007), National culture, business culture and management practices, consequential relationships, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia, and Nishal Sukumaran. The Melbourne Business School, Australia Cross Cultural Management, an International Journal vol 14 no 1, 2007 p5Euromonitor, China How to Get a Piece of the Action in Beauty and Personal Care. December 2009Hofstede, (1991, p. 28).The strategic alliances between the American and German companies a cultural perspective. European Business Review Vol. 16 No. 1, p 28Hofstede (1994). The strategic alliance between the American and German companies a cultural perspective. European Business Review vol 16 no 1,p 29Glunk, U., Wilderom, C. and Ogilvie, R. (1999), Finding the key to German-style management, International Studies of Management and Organization, Vol 26 No 3, pp 93-108.Triandis, H.C. (1993), Cultural values in intergroup and single group social dilemmas, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 77 No 3, pp 171-91.China business Ettequett accessed online at www.cyborlink.com/besite/C hina.htmArvind V Phatak. Rabi S Bhagat, Roger j Kashlak (2005) managing in diverse and dynamic global environment, International management textbook, p 160.Hofstede (1994). The strategic alliances between the American and German companies a cultural perspective. European Business Review vol 16 no 1. p 29.Schwartzs (1999). The strategic alliances between the American and German companies a cultural perspective. European Business Review vol 16 No. 1, p 28. Khaled Abdou (2003). The strategic alliances between the American and German companies, a cultural perspective vol 16 issues 1 (2003). Hofsteded (1991) Chinese employees work values vol 129 issue 2. Ju (1993) the impact of culture on Chinese employees work values, Journal of Public Relation Vol 36 issues 1 (PR). Kogut, B. and Singh, H. 1988, the effect of national culture on the choice of entry mode. Journal of International Business Studies, vol 19 no 3, pp. 411-32.(www.imf.org).Higgs, B. (2006). Environmental scanning pest or plea sure, Marketing magazine, 2006, 52-53.Euromonitor, China. How to Get a Piece of the Action in Beauty and Personal Care. December 2009Times online 2010. www.timesonline.com/news.www.bbc.co.uk/news/business linkBarry Bozeman and Jeffrey D. Straussman, Public Management Strategies, Guidelines for Managerial Effectiveness. Oxford, Jossey cryptical Publishers 1990.. Shenkar and Zeira, (1992) The relationship between intercultural effectiveness and perceived project team performance in the context of international development. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 33, 2009, 383Time newspapers April fifteenth 2001

The Legalization Of Marijuana For Medicinal Purposes Health Essay

The Legalization Of cannabis For Medicinal Purposes Health Essay The legalization of dealnabis for medicinal purposes has become an increasingly controversial topic, with some(prenominal) another(prenominal) a(prenominal) different issues on which people call for many different opinions. There is opposition to the legalization of hemp for medicinal purposes beca substance ab role it has the manfulial to be commitd incorrectly, however it is also con slopered that there is the potential for marihuana to be used in relieving the slimy of many gravely ill patients. Marijuana has been used by people for thousands of years to provide reliever from many different serious medical problems. There ar many doctors who currently support the soundness of using ganja as treatment for various medical conditions. The many people who ar suffering from cancer, multiple sclerosis, and assist have found that hemp can be a very legal pain and symptom reliever. The legalization of he mp for medicinal purposes is viewed by its opposers as one of the worst liaisons that we could do. Their reasons are that they feel that marijuana should not be legalized for medical use because it is an illegal substance and until that is changed, prescribing it is against the law. Attorney General Janet Reno announced that physicians in any state who prescribe the do drugs could lose the privilege of writing prescriptions, be excluded from medicare and Medicaid reimbursements, and even be prosecuted for a federal crime (Kassier 1). Government officials such as Janet Reno are not the be nerves ones to object to the legalization of marijuana. Many parents groups like Mothers Against Drunk Drivers object to the legalization of marijuana for medical uses. Their objections come from a reasonable concern that there has been an increase in the use of marijuana by y give awayh. Their concern is expanded since the marijuana of today is much more potent than the marijuana of a few decade s ago. The potential for these teens to obtain the drug would increase. Also, the Federal Health and Drug enforcement officials feel that by legalizing marijuana, they would be sending the wrong subject to young people (Your Health 1). Strong evidence that shows that regular use of marijuana for long periods of cadence could cause severe lung damage (Your Health 3). If the use of marijuana could damage a patients lungs, then the risk could outweigh the benefit. Marijuana smoke can be twice as toxic as tobacco plant smoke to a human lung. The strongest point that many make opposing the legalization of marijuana is that there just is no clear evidence that fume marijuana can help an individual who is ill (Marijuana for the Sick 2). Countless amounts of research has been done but both sides have countered each other with facts and studies. What are the benefits and what are the clear cut negatives?The concept of using marijuana for medical use is nothing new. Marijuana is one of t he oldest drugs known to man, the use of it has been documented as far back as 2700 B.C. in a Chinese manuscript. The Chinese would injest or inhale the Marijuana and feel pain relief for headaches and small aches and persistence (Marijuana 1). The Chinese spread the concept over time, and while it never began a popular drug in most other societies, it still existed and was a harsh pain reliever. In 1839, a respected member of the Royal Academy of Science, Dr. W. B. OShaugnessy, was one of the first in the medical profession, who generateed positive facts dealing with marijuana and medicinal drug (History in Brief 3). His work helped open up the medical world to marijunas medical usees. The drug itself was not used as a popular inexpert drug at the time and for this reason few saw a problem with using it for medical purposes. From 1840 to 1900, more than one hundred articles by American and European medical journals were published that showed the therapeutic uses of marijuana ( Bakalar 2). Marijuana was recommended to stimulate appetites, and relax muscles, so if marijuana was effective in treating those ailments during this time period. Its defenders point out that the drug was praised by the patients and doctors alike. In 1988, Judge Francis Young, an examiner on administrative issues for the Drug Enforcement Agency, recommended that marijuana be reclassified for medical use, because the current acceptance of marijuana is present if a respectable minority of doctors support it. (A Doctors account statement 1). The same Journal of the American Medical Association article, pointed out that even though the medical record of marijuana is five thousand years old, it has almost all been forgotten.Marijuana has already been legalized for medical use by both California and Arizona. In ready to be passed, these laws required a majority vote by the public and by Congress that favored the legalization of marijuana. In 1991, eighty percent of the San Francisco vo ters sanction of legalizing marijuana, and seventy-seven percent of Santa Cruz voters also agreed (History of Medical Marijuana 1). Since these laws were passed, there is proof of support for the legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes. California and Arizona whitethorn be the only states that have legalized marijuana for medicinal purposes, but they are not the only states that have considered the legalization of medicinal marijuana. Massachusetts, had previously passed laws that permitted their citizens to use marijuana for medical purposes under just about circumstances (Reefer Madness 2). Many states have passed laws that lessen the prosecution of those doctors who prescribe marijuana (Federal Foolishness and Marijuana 2). There have also been many polls showing that the public favors the use of marijuana for medical purposes (Reefer Madness 2). With all of this support for legalizing marijuana, it is only a matter of time before the prosecution of doctors for prescri bing marijuana and patients for using marijuana as medicine ceases.Another in good order supporting factor for the legalization of marijuana is the endorsement of physicians. During a random survey of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, one thousand thirty-five members responded with surprising results (A Doctors Report 1). Almost half of the doctors said that they would prescribe marijuana if it were legal, and forty-four percent of them said that they had already recommended it to a patient (A Doctors Report 1). If there are doctors who are recommending marijuana, even at the risk of prosecution, it is obvious that they strongly believe that it can be very useful in the treatment of their patients. In addition, almost two thirds of the doctors also agreed that marijuana was an effective anti-emetic (A Doctors Report 1). This is important because of the life-threatening dehydration that can accompany emesis, which is usually known as vomiting. Doctors are allowed to prescr ibe narcotics for pain relief, such as morphine and meperdine, which have been known to cause death during overdose, yet they are not allowed to prescribe marijuana as a medicine, even though marijuana has never been known to kill anyone (Federal Foolishness 2).Scientists have discovered that the reason that marijuana is so effective in treating many of the symptoms of the terminally ill is because of a chemical called tetrahydrocannabinol, which is the main active ingredient in marijuana. Even though science has found a way to make a synthetic THC, marketed as Marinol (Lost in the Weed 1), it is extremely expensive, and it does seem to cause higher levels of depression and anxiety (Lost in the Weed 1). Other side effectuate of the synthetic THC are extreme dizziness and unsteady gait (Your Health 3). These side effects alone may be difficult to deal with, but many of these patients are already dealing with harmful side effects from the medicines they are taking for the treatment o f their illness. They should not have to take a pill that is supposed(a) to relieve them of side effects that causes additional side effects. Another negative aspect of Marinol that is experienced by patients and documented by doctors is that the synthetic THC, andthe THC from marijuana react differently in the body. There is also a convincing body of research, some of it now two decades old, shows that smoked marijuana suppresses nausea repair than Marinol pills and with fewer side effects. (Your Health 3). Also, many patients are combatting nausea and vomiting, and it can be difficult for them to keep the expensive Marinol pill down (Medical Marijuana repugn Moving Toward Closure 3). If terminally ill patients have tried many different treatments, which have not been successful, and find that smoking marijuana helps them with their symptoms, with fewer side effects, and less expensively, then the patients should legally be able to have the plectrum to make that choice.Cancer p atients have found marijuana to be very effective in treating the side effects of chemotherapy. In an article in Time, Marijuana Where Theres Smoke, Theres Fire, cancer patient Jo Daly, has described her experience with chemotherapy as a nuclear implosion of nausea. She went on to discuss feeling a burning pain under the nails of her fingers and toes. After she had tried many different alternatives to relieve her pain, she tried marijuana which seemed to be the only drug effective in relieving her pain. Jo Daly is not the only one to find marijuana effective in relieving the discomforts of chemotherapy. During the late seventies, and mid-eighties, six states performed research on how sound marijuana operated on combatting chemotherapy related nausea and vomiting (Medical use of Marijuana 2). Their studies concluded that marijuana an extremely effective way to deal with the side effects of chemotherapy (Medical use of Marijuana 2). Prevention and control of nausea and vomiting is pa ramount in the treatment of cancer patients (Information for Physicians 1). The reason that nausea and vomiting needs to be controlled is that, These can result in serious metabolic derangements, nutritional depletion, deterioration of a patients physical and mental status, withdrawal from potentially useful and curative antineoplastic drug treatment, and degeneration of self-care and functional ability. (Information for Physicians 1). For cancer patients it is very important to control their nausea and vomiting and marijuana seems to be able to accomplish this. It seems reasonable to allow patients the option and make medical marijuana available for their use.Another disease that marijuana seems to be useful in pain relief is multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis is a painful central nervous disease for which there is no known cure. The most common complaint of multiple sclerosis patients is the pain of powerful muscle spasms, vertigo, and double vision, all of which can make life nearly unbearable (A Daughters Pain 1). There are some patients who say that marijuana can help in relieving them of these symptoms (A Daughters Pain 1). Even though there are existing medications offered to treat multiple sclerosis, many opt marijuana to relieve them of their suffering (A Daughters Pain 1). The reason for this is that other medications often result in severe side effects, that marijuana does not seem to have (A Daughters Pain 1). There is no documentation of this because there have been no controlled clinical trials that have compared marijuana with existing legal drugs (Your Health 3). There is proof, however, inthe fact that many patients choose to purchase marijuana to relieve their pain at any cost. Some patients are even willing to go to jail to get their marijuana, because for them, it is the only thing that proves to be effective (Federal Foolishness and Marijuana 1).Marijuana has also been found useful for treating patients with AIDS. It seems that mariju ana can positively help AIDS patients in several(prenominal) ways. Some ways that marijuana can help is by relieving stress and depression, eliminating nausea, reducing pain, and fighting the AIDS wasting syndrome by enhancing the appetite (Stop Using Patients as Pawns 1). Even though there are many treatments, AIDS patients who are in the final stages of the disease still suffer greatly. The legal options for these AIDS patients are the human growth hormone, another type of hormone called Megace, and the synthetic THC pill, Marinol (Your Health 3). These are the only FDA approved drugs for treating AIDS wasting syndrome, but some patients say that these are not adequate substitutes for marijuana (Your Health 3). It was said by one patient on Marinol that, All it did was make me groggy without enhancing my appetite., but marijuana has been found to increase the appetites of AIDS patients. AIDS activists and the doctors who treat the disease report that marijuana is also useful for s uppressing the nausea thats a side effect of several anti AIDS drugs (Your Health 3). Another vital concern when dealing with an AIDS patients is their immune system. However, when studying HIV-positive men who used marijuana, it was dictated that the marijuana did not seem to accelerate the deterioration of their immune systems (Your Health 4). This is another important consideration in treating this deadly disease.There are many different viewpoints on the use of marijuana as a medicine. These different points of view result in many important issues regarding the use of an illegal drug for medicinal use. Even though there are many people who are against legalizing marijuana for medical purposes, there are just as many who feel that if used correctly, marijuana can be an essential part of treating serious diseases. For centuries marijuana has been used to help those who are in need of effective pain relief . There are many doctors and patients, who feel that the usefulness and eff ectiveness of marijuana is being overlooked. As a result, many doctors are recommending the use of marijuana, regardless of the possible legal issues. Many patients, who are suffering from cancer, multiple sclerosis, and AIDS, have discovered that marijuana is a drug that provides them with much needed relief and they are using marijuana regardless of the consequences. In basic terms Marijuana may have long term adverse effects and its use may presage serious addictions, but neither long-term side effects nor addictions is a relevant issue in such patients (Federal Foolishness and Marijuana 1) While advocating the legalization of marijuana as a recreational drug would be detrimental to society, its effectiveness for medicinal uses is clear and needs to be staidly considered.

Fetal Brain Tissue Transplantation in Parkinsons Disease Patients Essa

Fetal Brain Tissue transplanting in Parkinsons Disease PatientsParkinsons disease is a neurological disorder characterized ab initio by muscular rigidity and slowing of voluntary movements (1). Ultimately, the characteristics are tremor, mask-like faces, decreased spontaneous blinking, flexion posture and sometimes cognitive impairment. The neuropathology of Parkinsons disease principally involves loss of cell bodies in all melanin-containing brain regions and invariably a loss of substantia nigra dopamine-containing neurons (DA). The principal target for dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra is the corpus striatum and the loss of dopaminergic tone in the striatum is thought to produce most of the symptoms of Parkinsons disease. Since Parkinsons disease is a dopamine deficiency, manipulation with L-Dopa, the precursor of dopamine, was successful in treating Parkinsons patients (1). However, these patients taking L-Dopa often develop side effects and in about 50% of the patients, the drug effectiveness is lost. As an alternating(a) to drug therapy, the possibility of grafting dopamine-containing tissue into the brains was proposed. From the proposal, there have been a vast amount of experiments to test transplantation effectiveness. Work in amphibians and fish were the rootage to demonstrate the possibilities for neuronal replacement after damage in the central nervous system (2). In these species, especially in the visual system, grafted neurons were substituted both structurally and functionally for damaged axonal connections, and afferent and efferent connections were established with a high degree of specificity between the grafted neurons and the host. Evidence in adult sub-mammalian vertebrates has shown c... ...a, S., Brundin, P. and Gustavii, B., 1989, Human fetal dopamine neurons grafted into the striatum in two patients with severe Parkinsons disease. A detailed account of methodology and a 6-month follow-up. Archives of Neurology 46 615-631. 6. Freed, C.R., Breeze, R.E., Rosenberg, N.L. and Schneck, S.A., 1990, Transplantation of human fetal dopamine cells for Parkinsons disease. Results at 1 year. 47 505-512. 7. Jankovic, J., Grossman, R., Goodman, C. and Pirozzolo, F., 1989, Clinical, biochemical and neuropathologic findings following transplantation of adrenal medulla to the caudate nucleus for treatment of Parkinsons disease. Neurology 39 1227-1234. 8. Allen G.S., Burns, R.S., Tulipan, N.B. and Parker, R.A., 1989, Adrenal medullary transplantation to the caudate nucleus in Parkinsons disease. Initial clinical results in 18 patients. 46 487-491.

Essay --

Taylor StoiberMr. Dobberstein Research Essay1/13/14Rotten orchard apple tree orchard apple tree is a king in the technology world poisoning every area of the industry that they have introduced a product too. They are slowly weeding their competition out. The only a federation thrives in the thorn bush market is if they are in cahoots with apple. Apples co-founder Steve Jobs, started the company with all intention of dominating the market. The only breastwork for them is the Anti-trust law created ages ago. Apple, in their attempt to take the market over, has been racking up evidence against themselves. There reach has leaped boarders and even caught the attention of the European Union. Apple is displace their boundaries and in the future will in the end cross the line in to monopolistic actions. Sir Steve Jobs, the almighty co-founder of Apple started apple dreaming big. The Harvard College dropout carried through with that dream. According to Leander Kahney, condition of I nside Steves Brain, apple went public 1980 with the biggest public offering since 1958 (2008), this offer proved successful as apple soon became a super power. Apple suffered a fall out though, but Steve Jobs came back and rescued them, reviving them to their previous stature. A stature limited by the law. The Anti- trust law to be exact. According to The Fuller Court 1888-1910 the Antitrust law was passed in 1904 (2005, p 2). This law was formed after a large legal case Yankee Securities Co. v. United States where the Supreme Court sided with President Roosevelt (Flash Focus, 2005). This case has had major effects on todays marketing techniques and monopolistic companies. Apple, being one of these monopolistic type companies, has had to deal with some scrutiny over t... ...ften times Apple will simply take the fine because it can afford to, and would rather invent the money then fairly open their trade secrets up to the world. This curvehole in the law, if you will, is allowin g for Apple to pay its way through anti-monopoly laws and regulations. Unfortunately Apple is able to steal its way out of trouble and slowly knock its competition. Apple needs new regulations enforced on it to keep the company in check. Especially because Steve Jobs went into the company with full intentions of domination and dominate he did. Apple was kept mildly in check by the Anti-trust law which Apple still managed to find loop holes in. Finally the evidence of a growing monopoly is there. Apple has even gained scrutiny on an international scale. Apple is pushing their boundaries and in the future will eventually cross the line in to monopolistic actions.