The Actual Real World in “The Heat Death of the Universe”

In today†s busy world, many people get so caught up in their own ambience that they overlook all the other things out there. Some people seem treat their surroundings as if it were their own â€Å"little world†, creating tunnel vision to the array of the actual real world and all the things that occur in it. Pamela Zoline addresses this and many other issues in the short story, â€Å"The Heat Death of the Universe†. This piece reports the abstract, somewhat crazy thoughts, of the world from an ordinary housewife to the reader. At first, these thoughts appear to be coming from a severely confused and mentally unstable person, with no point what so ever. Contrary to the evidence stated in the text, â€Å"Sarah Boyle is a vivacious and intelligent young wife†¦ proud of her growing family which keeps her busy and happy around the house† (192), the reader can see that the main character, Sarah Boyle, is quite unsatisfied with her place in life. This unhappiness stems from a wasted education, causing the apathetic housewife to resort to ceaseless contemplation, which shapes the life she has created for herself and the home she is trapped in. The fact that Sarah Boyle was well-educated is pointed out clearly in the first few paragraphs, â€Å"Sarah Boyle is a vivacious and intelligent young wife and mother, educated at a fine Eastern college† (192). This fact can be also be easily deduced by the reader after observing the knowledge Sarah presents and the vocabulary she exhibits, such as â€Å"ONTOLOGY: That branch of metaphysics which concerns itself with the problems of the nature of existence or being† (191) and â€Å"ENTROPY: A quantity introduced in the first place to facilitate the calculations, and to give clear expressions to the results of thermodynamics† (193). Clearly, such words are not ones that would be regarded as common knowledge or everyday conversation topics. The terms used by Sarah throughout the story lead the reader to regard her as some type of advanced science major. In addition to the vocabulary usage, the manner in which her mind functions and the habits she displays also guides the reader to the same assumption. Sarah demonstrates scientific thinking methods constantly; always making lists, noticing irrelevant and abstract things, counting and lettering objects, constantly pondering ideas and concerned with factual matters. Sometimes she numbers or letters the things in a room†¦ there are 819 separate moveable objects in the living room†¦ she is passionately fond of children†s dictionaries, encyclopedias, ABCs and all reference books† (193). Combining all these facts, statements, and observations the reader deduces Sarah Boyle as a scientifically educated, intelligent woman: Which leads to the question, why is Sarah a housewife? This thought seems to reoccurringly pass though Sarah†s mind as well. The mannerisms that Sarah Boyle displays evident the fact that she is unhappy with her position in life as a housewife; she feels that her education is worthless here, causing her to feel unchallenged and bored, which only leads to endless contemplation in the world she has chosen. The largest indicators of Sarah†s unhappiness are the notes that she leaves throughout the house, such as â€Å"Many young wives fell trapped. It is a contemporary sociological phenomenon† and â€Å"Help, Help, Help, Help, Help† (193). In addition to these notes, rarely does Sarah ever talk about her family; which is highly contrary to the expectations of the common housewife. When she does refer to her family, the statements are quite short, uncaring, and undescriptive. â€Å"Today is the birthday of one of the children† (192). Speaking of her family life, never does she mention a husband. Sarah only makes remarks of a questionable nature about her children, she doesn†t seem to display the motherly love or compassion one would expect; in fact, several places in the short story, the comment is made that â€Å"Sarah Boyle is never quite sure how many children she has† (196). This comment leaves the reader confused and, in addition to the numerous derogatory and confusing references made to children throughout the story, causes the reader to think that she doesn†t care for her children at all. Looking at some of the statements she makes, this is quite possible. In one situation she conceives the idea that a cereal may cause cancer, â€Å"Perhaps something is terrible wrong with the cereal†¦ Perhaps it causes a special, cruel Cancer in little children†¦ she imagines in her mind†s eye the headlines†¦ † (192). Irregardless of this idea, she excessively feeds the children the cereal â€Å"great yellow heaps of it† (192) and even goes out to the store to buy more â€Å"shopping in the supermarket†¦ a box of Sugar Frosted Flakes†. These facts combine to produce the result that she does not care if her children get cancer. Also, Sarah feels that â€Å"housework is never completed† (197), resulting in a never-ending task, that eventually drives her insane. All evidence in mind, it becomes clear that she is unhappy as a housewife, causing her to constantly create crazy ideas with her unapplied education, driving herself into an unstable mental state. With no appropriate way to apply the education Sarah has received, she resorts to using it in the only place she has as an option, her home. She starts to devise a parallel between her house and the universe. She falls back on her education and implements the theory of entropy and the â€Å"heat death of the Universe† into her own homemaking skills. According to these theories combined, â€Å"The total ENTROPY of the Universe therefore is increasing, tending towards a maximum, corresponding to complete disorder of the particles in it†¦ he Universe constitutes a thermodynamically closed system, and if this were true it would mean that a time just finally come when the Universe â€Å"unwinds† itself, no energy being available for use† (200). Sarah applies this theory in her housekeeping techniques, thinking that the more organized she is, the less disorder she creates. Therefore, she is not contributing to entropy in her own Universe, her house. Keeping entropy at a constant therefore would not contribute to the â€Å"heat death of the Universe†. Evidently, this abstract thinking is indicating some mental problems. At the end of the short story, Sarah displays a mental breakdown, combining all the unexplainable ideas that float though her mind in a physical and mental explosion. Throughout this short story, Pamela Zoline effectively addresses many relevant issues in today†s society. Through a common housewife, Sarah Boyle, the reader can observe the daily trauma and feeling of worthlessness that one may experience at what it can result in.

Technology in Schools Essay

While some may argue that technology can decrease the engagement of the students and â€Å"may seriously mess up children's informational metabolism† (Source C), if used in the right environment and context, technology can, in fact, engage students even more. When used in an educational way, a laptop or tablet can be exactly what a student needs to get their undivided attention. Kids already live in a day and age where the internet and its mountains of information are available at the touch of a finger.When they go to school and are forced to use traditional dictionaries and encyclopedias, it's like being reinserted back to the Stone Age. Why not build 2 that Empire High School in Arizona is making â€Å"the laptops the key ingredient of the cake†. By adjusting school to the student's needs, you can make them more engaged. Some critics of this technology claim that the internet is a scary place that â€Å"it's also full of lies, garbage, and pornography so revolting yo u can't even describe. † (Source E). Haven't you ever heard of web filters? Apparently not.However, despite their doubts, there are many ways to ensure that the students are kept on track and stay away from these oh-so Cary websites. Besides, its not like this is a new problem; most schools have computers readily available for their students to use and have already solved this problem through previously stated methods. At this point there's no arguing that technology would only serve to increase the engagement Of the students in the classroom, not hinder it. Another aspect to consider is whether or not the technology will increase the ease of learning in the classroom.By allowing students to access the internet to communicate with the teacher and other students, you make the learning process easier. Many schools are allowing students to post assignments online â€Å"so other students can easily read and critique them† (Source B). In a way, switching to technology is lik e switching to a different tool. Let's say a farmer plants crops using the same tools his family has used for generations. When a new cheaper and more efficient tool comes out it would be irrational for the farmer to continue using his old tools for the sake of tradition.By switching to technology we are changing a task that was once done using pencil and paper, but â€Å"today belongs to the zeroes and ones† source D). Despite the facts, some people are still skeptical and question if this new technology will affect the children's ability to learn. Writer Esther Tyson asks if the children â€Å"will†¦ Be able to discern cause and effect, put together a coherent story line, think scientifically, [or] read a book with a single 3 argument rather than a set of essays? † (Source C). This argument is falsified due to the fact that a child's ability to learn isn't solely dependent On the tools they use to do so.This same situation occurred years ago when schools Egan to first put computers into the classrooms and libraries of schools. These new computers would not be able to determine whether or not one student is better than another. If a student is smart and a hard worker, the different technologies they use to do their work won't change those characteristics about them; it will only allow them to do what they do faster. While some cases might deter the learning process, its obvious that when considering the simplicity of learning in the classroom, technology is the way to go.The last thing to consider when switching to technology is how it will affect he relationship between the teacher and the student. By becoming more technologically capable, the teacher is able to bridge the generation gap that once separated the old and the new. For many years there has been a struggle for teachers to feel on the same level as their students and be able to understand what they need in order to learn. With technology, they can become closer to their students and perhaps be able to bond with those that once thought of their teachers as nothing more than strangers.Also, it allows students and teachers to communicate outside the classroom through arums and blobs so that the student can get extra help and the teacher can understand what they need to work on. Through this process, â€Å"the educators are beginning to interact with students, parents, and each other in ways they never have before. † (Source B). Through technology, we can better connect students and teachers to make learning more enjoyable. As time goes on the technology that humans develop seems to get crazier and crazier. With motion sensing and AD devices, its almost unbelievable that our generation will live to see these things established.

Btec Business

Evaluation of the businesses marketing techniques and the effectiveness of the businesses actlvltles. Introduction In this report I am writing about the effectiveness of the marketing technique used by the business of my choice which is Adidas AG. Also I will be using my research to make Judgements. Adidas AG Is a German sports clothing manufacturer and parent company of the Adidas Group, which consists of the Reebok sportswear company, TaylorMade-Adldas golf company (Including Ashworth), and Rockport.Adidas uses brand awareness to promote there company and Its products, Ilke football boots. They are also the kit provider, to the German national football team; Adidas also sponsors the Argentine, Japanese, Mexican, Scottish, Spanish and Colombian national football teams, among others. Adidas is very active at sponsoring top football clubs in Germany such as Bayern Munich, Schalke, Hamburg, Bayer Leverkusen, and VfL Wolfsburg and top football clubs worldwide such as R. S. C. Anderlecht , Rapid Vienna, Real Madrid C. F. , AC Milan, Dynamo Kyiv, Chelsea, Lyon,AFC Ajax, Galatasaray, Benfica, Fenerbah#, Panathinaikos, Bolton Wanderers and many others. As they use brand awareness they will always be a well-known company because a lot of people watch football and football Is an International sport so when big football clubs like Real Madrid and Chelsea wear there kits with Adidas sponsoring the clubs, all the clubs fans will always want to check who Adidas is as a company, and Adidas will make money from the football clubs as they will receive a lot of customers who like football and sports.Adidas diversified into the accessory market after doing well in the sports apparel arket, as they did this they produced, deodorants, perfumes, aftershaves, lotions, watches, eye-wear, and bags. Going into the accessory market meant that they could sell their products to a wider range of people, Including older people. Essential accessory products Ilke deodorants would appeal to eve rybody as everyone would want to smell nice, and every accessory product I named Is essential so Adidas would be making a lot of money if people bought their products.I Analysls 0T A Strengths: In many events they are the biggest sponsor, they have a strong anagement team, there brand recognition and reputation is really big, they have diversity and variety in products offered on their websites, they have strong control over their own distribution channel, they don't have any bad reputation like child labor or environmental pollution and in the Football industry, they have a stronghold, as they are famous. Weaknesses: they have high prices in some products, so this could turn people who don't have money to spend to other sports companies.There E-commerce is limited to USA as they are a European Company, this could be a big loss but, Reebok the ompany they also own is famous there so they could make a lot of money even if they want Adidas in USA. The direct sale to consumers is creat ing conflicts with its own resellers and online customer service not â€Å"helpful† or easy to find, this could put a lot of people annoyed with their company and this could cause people to go and look at other sports companies.Opportunities: They have collaborated with other online retailers to offer Adidas products, and this could make them money and there products could be more known. They have collaborated with other online retailers to offer Adidas products; his could be a big advantage as they will want to make a lot of money. The possibility of outsourcing the web development and e-commerce to a third party developer is high. Threats: With Nike's strong reputation in the footwear and apparel industry they could lose out on a lot of money.The negative image created by their sponsored athletes (i. e. Kobe Bryant and his sexual assault case), could harm their image as a good company. All the marketing techniques I have named have been very effective for Adidas as they use d their successful company name to get sponsors to promote their products nd wear their products, and this was where they used the technique called brand awareness. They also used their famous name to diversify into the accessories market; this had the opportunity to get them a lot of customers as they made essential products like deodorant.The SWOT Analysis showed that they had different strengths like there stronghold on the Football Industry, but they have weaknesses like the limited services in the USA, and the USA is a big sporting country. They have a lot of opportunities to develop there company, but there is a lot f threats like the negative image of one of their most famous sponsors called Kobe Bryant having a sexual assault case against him.Conclusion In tnls report I learnt tnat companles use sports cluDs ana players to promote tnelr company, but the players that they sponsor could make the company sponsoring look bad. But Adidas the company I wrote about is a big company that is struggling to get really famous in the USA, and they have stiff competition from Nike, which is an American company, but they are big in Europe and they are the biggest sports company in Europe.

Why Should John Hopkins University Accept Me Essay - 6

Why Should John Hopkins University Accept Me - Essay Example I have attended numerous training courses and seminars which shows my passion for pursuing further knowledge regarding my field. I feel that I have enough knowledge and passion to show that I have a craze about going ahead in the geographic profession, and contribute to the valuable research. I keep myself updated with market requirement. I keep on reading related journals, books, and magazines and attend related seminars being held in my vicinity. I feel that I possess those special skills needed to fulfill the requirements for this course. I have always come up fresh, innovative and unique ideas. I have learned basic computer knowledge and software so as to equip myself with the latest technology, which may help me in excelling in this course. I also possess the ability to synchronize and connecting together the thoughts of the teacher and the student in a successful way. This enthusiasm is what pulls me to apply for this course. I also want to list here some of the leadership competencies that I possess, that I guess will be helpful to me in my field of interest. I believe in working collaboratively where everyone gets his share of profit through helping each other out. I believe in others’ competencies and know how to motivate them to make the best use of their capabilities. I can work individually as well as in teams. I always volunteer to support others morally and physically by whatever means I can, to improve the productivity of the task. I believe in fairness. I am proud of my capabilities as a leader and can prove to be an ethical leader in the field I pursue. These qualities will help me excel in my field, as I will be looking forward in managing work teams while doing research work, and be a part of a collaborative team where everybody shares his unique ideas. I am sure I will prove to be a transformational leader when it comes to managing teams.

The UK Business Tax System for Small Business Research Paper

The UK Business Tax System for Small Business - Research Paper Example No-return systems are clearly feasible: thirty-six countries--including Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and several other industrialized nations--use some form f no-return system for at least some f their taxpayers (U.S. General Accounting Office [GAO], 1996). Moving to a no-return system, however, has implications for both the administrative and structural features f the tax system. Our goal in this paper is to identify and provide information on some f the major trade-offs involved. In exact withholding systems, the tax agency makes every effort to withhold the exact amount f taxes so that no end-of-year filing, payment, or refund is needed. Thirty-four countries operate exact withholding systems. These systems require taxpayers to report some minimal, nonfinancial information to either employers or the tax authorities. (In the United States, this would likely consist f items such as name, address, social security number, filing status, name, and social security number f spouse and dependents.) The proportion f taxpayers who have to file varies by country. About 90 percent f taxpayers eligible for final withholding in the United Kingdom did not have to file in 1991. In Germany in 1986 and in Japan in 1988-90, the corresponding figures were 46 and 63 percent, respectively. Moreover, even among wage earners, exact withholding can be difficult to apply accurately to everyone. Withholding errors can occur when earnings come from more than one source or when the taxpayer changes jobs, retires, marries, divorces, or has a child. These issues indicate the important interaction between tax structure and tax administration. If these tax systems had been set up to tax only wages, and to tax at a flat rate with no allowances, deductions, exemptions, or credits, exact withholding would work accurately for virtually everyone. Tax Agency Reconciliation Taxpayers may be relieved f the burden f filing even in systems that do not generate exact withholding. In tax agency reconciliation (TAR) systems, taxpayers can elect to have the tax agency prepare their return. Under a TAR system, tax filing occurs in four steps. Interested taxpayers provide basic information to the tax authority. Because withholding does not have to be exact, TAR systems may not place as great a burden on employers and other payers as exact withholding systems. Moreover, it may be easier in a TAR system to apply a progressive tax rate structure to a combination f income derived from different sources.  Ã‚  

Family Heritage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Family Heritage - Essay Example In Dalianliaoning, I was fortunate to attend Dalian elementary school before we relocated to Shanghai again. My father’s business was growing and a result we have been living in Shanghai since the year 2000.The aim of coming to the US was to pursue my education (Travel China guide, 2014). The Han group is believed to have settled in America with the aim of engaging in certain economic activities including building of railways and mining. They mainly settled in California and other places such as Rocky Mountains. They started participating in economic activities in order to meet their means because they were finding facing challenging of serving in the new land. The Chinese Americans experience discrimination despite heading lucrative jobs in the military and other science fields (Every Culture, 2014). The Putian County came into existence in the year 568.The borders the coastal town of Fujian. It has no plantations. It also enjoys a serene weather condition and experience sufficient rainfall, and enough sunshine thought the year. Putian is mainly visited during the winter season of the year. The main centers of attraction include the Meizhou Island and Guanghua temple. The Mazu goddess is believed to occupy the temple. Tourist from around the world troop the town every year because the town fascinates many people around the world. The Jiuli Lake is located some kilometers Xian you town. It has gorgeous scenery and has historical views that were designed by ancient architectures. The Jiuji waterfall is a renowned natural site in a place and interests many visitors. The main means of transport from a town called Fuzhou to Putian is with public transport. In Meizhou Island, the goddess is well respected, and the culture dictates events be held to be occasionally held to celebrate he r. Specific days have been set aside in order to mark her achievements

Compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Compare and contrast - Essay Example The story takes the help of a simple dream or illusionary craze of the young boy to show him the stark reality of Dublin’s life that is very different from the world of is own making. This describes the boy’s experience, emphasizing more on the character portrayal than anything else. The narrator describes how the city and the surroundings had eaten into the health of the young boy’s life and contributed towards creating the person that he was. The protagonist of the story is the matured boy who had once been the innocent boy depicted in the story. The story opens with the lines â€Å"North Richmond Street, being blind, was a quiet street except at the hour when the Christian Brothers School set the boys free† (Joyce). Ironically, even though they were free from school, even their play did not give them the desired pleasure, for it was an equally dull world, where not even play brought any refreshment for the children. All these descriptions of dullness actually creates the backdrop against which the boy took resort of imagination larger than life and hence encounters a surprising disillusionment The antagonist in the story is the culture and life of Dublin, which has a significant role in shaping the boy’s mind along with the other inhabitants in the city. Joyce refers to Dublin as â€Å"indeed sterile†. This coaxes the innocent mind to seek shelter to a world of his own making or imagination where the boy seeks peace and happiness that the reality could not give him. The narrator himself is the young boy in the story who brings out the stark reality and the disillusionment undergone by the innocent soul. In his allegorical piece of work, Joyce intends to make the reader realize the harsh life that people were compelled to face in Dublin. And creates a platform for disillusionment which was a combination of wisdom and

Discuss the importance and role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Essay

Discuss the importance and role of Corporate Social Responsibility in event management in the 21st Century - Essay Example For many years, the idea of corporate social responsibility (CSR) focused on its validity and importance for effectiveness and image of organisations. Currently, the concern is not whether to practice CSR or not but is what and how. In short, in the 21st century, the CSR concept remains an important part of organization management strategy (Zheng, 2008). In the 21st century, CSR concerns are growing and are mainly focusing on organization sensitisation to systems and dynamics of management. It involves the growing alignment across many organization. CSR marks the progressive development of organizations as bodies of both corporate and societal management; venues for the integration of both private and public interests; participants in the organization and society oriented regulation; and possessors of shared, relational and other ways of connected external looking and internal looking responsibilities like event management. Issues revolving around CSR are tending primary for many par ticipants in multiple roles across organizations and community (Horrigan, 2007). In event management, a lot must be done behind the scenes in order for an event to be successful. The event management starts with writing proposals, negotiating fees and considering safety issues before dealing with timing, menus or even location. All aspects of organizing and strategic planning of an event should be conducted carefully. The planning includes proposal preparation, management fee determination, designing events in multicultural situations and identification of new ways that raise the efficiency of event operations (Allen, 2002). Event management with proper CSR practices is more likely to synchronise the strengths to the location, operational scope, and organisational levels placing it at a better position to combine the challenges. In this way, they will also be able to maintain environment related awareness and apply the relevant practices and hence achieve organisational success (Ach ieveGlobal, 2010). Event management deals with the coordination of activities that involve groups of people coming together to achieve certain objectives for example, parties, promotions, weddings etc. Event managers always conduct proper research before the event, come up with a design, locate the event and ensure other logistics like refreshements are in order. The main agenda of an event is to cause an impact among the host community and also effectively market the organization. Organizations implementing CSR measures experience various benefits, which include increased productivity; motivation and commitment among workers; minimised operating costs; increased sound and transparent practices. Other benefits include customer loyalty; decreased regulatory oversight; minimised wastage and utilisation of environmental-friendly production procedures; improved brand image, etc. (Balboni, Bute, & Sookram, 2007). Organizations competition for skilled workers, investors and loyal customer s is on the rise because of globalisation. The way in which an organization relates with its employees, its host communities, and the marketplace significantly contribute to its sustainability and success (Rionda, 2002). Example of the importance of CSR Nike. Considering the case in Asia in the 1990s, it shows how labour standard issues can destroy a firm’s global reputation. At the same time, it shows the importance of understanding CSR and its practices. Nike had to pay

How can maths promote cultural development in primary schools Essay

How can maths promote cultural development in primary schools - Essay Example Cultural development has become a critical part of social development for the UK which is why policy makers nowadays are keen on developing it at the grass root level. In education, this refers to activities, curriculum and teaching practices to mediate cultural conflict at the primary school level such as Key Stage 1 and 2. The central role of education in cultural development, according to Ofsted (2004), is inherently linked with enabling the young people to recognize and explore cultural assumptions, values, and traditions, and embrace culture within contemporary values, attitudes and social perspectives. It emphasizes the "appreciation of inter-dependence of different cultures" and thereby helps in mitigating racism challenges.Mathematics, a core curriculum subject in primary school, is a logic based subject which manifests in social interactions, structures and relations. According to Lerman (2001), mathematics develops social consciousness; it promotes interpretation of concept s and knowledge, in a constructive manner. Unlike other subjects, mathematics induces empirical practices. Instruction and development starts from the first day of a child's life, and continues throughout his/her life. Learning situations create practice. From this perspective, cultural tools and meta-cognitive tools jump start development processes. For example mathematics classrooms can be used as the place for introducing values attached to visual structuring (shapes), combining data, and calculating quantity.

History of Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

History of Advertising - Essay Example The very first form of advertising that dates back to 3000 B.C was outdoor display of Signs. Then advertising was done in the form of Word-of-mouth or were done vocally. The graphical forms of advertising then came including the paper ads, print ads, and newspaper ads. The very first form of advertising was through signs. The signs that were painted and displayed on the walls of the buildings in the ancient Rome and Pompeii were the very first forms of advertising [5]. These signs were ads about any property for rent or the ads were to attract the travelers of one town to the taverns in the same or some other town. These signs also consisted of the any matches, for example circus matches [2] that needed to be advertised. Next, the advertising took the vocal form of word-of-mouth or street or town cries [5]. These street criers used to read public notices aloud or praised the products aloud for their advertising. These kinds of advertisements also included the announcements for the sales of any cattle and slaves [2]. These town criers were the predecessors of the announcers of the later radio and TV ads. Then the newspapers came in the seventeenth century. The newspaper ads initially included short ads of product descriptions and prices [1]. The color and headlines and all the complementary stuff came later. The first newspaper was printed in England by the name of "Weekly News" in 1622 [2]. The magazine ads then followed. When the company's' name emerged in the advertisements, the emergence of brand name in the history of advertising took place. In the 1700s pasted-up notices, brochures and posters came into existence [2] and a lot of advertising through posters began. These then lead to the billboards. In the 1800s, printed media ads arrived [3]. This was the time when advertising through billboards started and started to be used abundantly. A movable type printing press was invented by a German printer Johannes Gutenberg which made the distribution of posters possible [5]. After the emergence of radio, long time later, advertising through radio started. Then advertising through video and TV advertisements also started after the invention of TV, later in the 19th century TV advertisements started to come on TV and gained a lot of popularity among all other forms of advertising. Producing a Successful TV Advertisement Producing a successful TV advertisement requires some important steps and factors that need to be checked and need to be kept in mind. These are as stated as under: 1. The target audience [6] and the budget should be planned and kept in mind. Before making an ad you should know it very well that for whom are you making the ad and what are the needs and requirements of the customers. It is also important to know what financial standing or budget you need in order to deliver the target audience that is intended. 2. A well-conceived plan needs to be made that should cover the budget and all the necessary steps that are needed. The plan for advertising is really important as it is the basis on which you continue with your ad and also the success or failure of the ad depends on how appropriate is the advertising plan. 3. It is important to include in your TV advertisement the company's brand and the company's overall business objectives

Everyday language and everyday life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Everyday language and everyday life - Essay Example Oh my gosh, I’m a dork, shoot me. Laughing out loud†¦ â€Å"See you at the bar for pizza tonight!† Obviously, no parent, from his or her perspective, could interpret that perfectly! The preponderance for jargons or acronyms for texting and emailing came as a natural consequence of the need for speed in communicating messages across various medium. Further, since cell phones have virtually minute screens to contain long words and complete sentences, people who are in a hurry to send instant messages creatively designed messages in shorthand. Even businesses need to be apprised of these jargons and abbreviations to answer messages coming from diverse stakeholders. A secretary behind closed door meeting could instantly text: PEBCAK to her colleague to mean Problem Exists between Chair and Keyboard – to which the recipient could reply: FYI I’m OTP (for your information, I’m on the phone). With the basic objective of increasing the speed by which messages are sent and delivered, the emergence of abbreviated words came as a necessity and as a form of creative expression. Does it really have a negative effect on children in terms of literacy and correct usage of the English language? While viewing it’s Only a Theory from You Tube, an interesting proposition was being defended by David Crystal, a professor of linguistic from Bangor University, that â€Å"texting is good for the English language†. He disputed several myths, one of which is that kids use abbreviations in texting which leave letters out affecting their knowledge to spell. Likewise, these abbreviations continue to be used in essays and examinations which mean that adults are rearing this generation of kids that are totally illiterate. The funny thing is that Professor Crystal concluded the contentions my saying that these are all a load of chicken droppings. Texting, with all its abbreviations, when used frequently is

Cash Management Essay Example for Free

Cash Management Essay Cash management techniques are an important part of managing finances. It is impossible to see your money grow if there are not methods in place to make the most of the money that you have. A good start to cash management is budgeting, which is the process of tracking money in and out to get a better idea of how money is really being spent. A budget identifies where the money is going and where adjustments can be made to decrease expenses or increase revenue. Along with budgeting, it is important to track expenses in order to know how much money is being spent. Expenses can be divided into categories such as office supplies, rent and utilities. Once you have the expenses clearly laid out ways to decrease the expenses can be found which will allow the company to save money. One easy way to save on office supplies is to buy in bulk or buy direct from a distributer. This will get you a lower price for the items then at retail store and can help save money. Another example is with companies that have vehicles. Gas companies offer discount cards which could be used with all their purchases to save money. Additionally, companies that operate fleets of vehicles may benefit from contracting with a gas supplier to get their gas at a greatly discounted rate. Investing is a great way to make your money generate more funds. This can be done by investing the money in various ways to allow it to generate interest. The more money you invest or the higher yield accounts that the money is in the more you will get in return. For individuals, investing in a 401(K) plan at work is a great way to save money for the future. This money can be deducted directly from the paycheck before it is received and invested into the account. Some companies will even match the money that is deposited into the account or match a percentage of the money. This helps the account grow even more. Having the money deducted from the paycheck before it is received is helpful because that money isn’t missed. It was taken out before the check was received and doesn’t have to be calculated into a family’s budget. Companies can invest their money into bonds which will generate interest and return for the company. Additionally, they could invest it in the stock market or other markets and savings accounts where they can get a return for the money. This helps the companies increase their cash and their wealth. In addition to investing, companies need to make sure they are collecting on accounts. When they have accounts that are past due, companies are losing money and this money needs to be regained. The accounting department of a company needs to keep close watch on the accounts and identify the ones that are not being paid. These accounts need to be collected in order to minimize the loss of income for the company. Lines of credit are necessary when there is a decrease in cash flow. This could be due to a slow month with a decrease in revenue or income as well as an increase in expenses. Companies and individuals need a way to cover expenses when the cash is limited. Credit plays an important role at this point. For the individual there are credit cards and home equity loans to help cover expenses when the cash isn’t available. These options however should be used sparingly as it is best not to use credit and credit can be maxed out if an individual is spending more than their income. Companies can use lines of credit to help cover additional expenses or regular expenses when cash flow is limited. One example of credit used by a company is a short term loan. This can provide the business with extra liquid cash that they can use to make ends meet at the time and will have to be paid back in the following months. Like with the individual, if a company is using loans frequently they will find themselves in debt and unable to repay it. At this point the company needs to reevaluate the structure of the company and identify ways to decrease their expenses. Generating additional income is important because you want to maximize the amount of money being brought in while minimizing the money going out. The individual person can maximize the money coming in by working extra hours at work or getting a second job. If a person has a unique skill they can market themselves in their free time to make money from that skill such as sewing or construction. Companies can generate more income by increasing marketing campaigns or expanding into new sales markets to generate more money in return.

The History About The Psychological Egoism Philosophy Essay

The History About The Psychological Egoism Philosophy Essay Psychological egoism, once widely accepted by political economists, philosophers, and psychologists, is a controversial notion. Many agree and disagree with this perspective and the explanations for what motivates humans. Proponents erroneously argue that people are always motivated by their perceived self-interest, including altruistic acts. Through altruistic behaviors, malevolence, self-deception, and theoretical problems, this theory can be disproven. Psychological egoism states that all human actions are motivated by selfish desire. Proponents of this doctrine believe that altruism exists, but only because the consequence of such of act leads to an increase in personal happiness. Therefore, purely altruistic and benevolent acts do not exist; people seem to act in these ways, but their motives are for advancement of self-interest. These psychological egoists consider their theory to be law self-interest is an unavoidable psychological law. An alternate form of psychological egoism, psychological hedonism, relates to Jerry Benthams ideals, the only kind of desire is the desire to get or to prolong pleasant experiences, and to avoid or cut short unpleasant experiences for oneself (Feinberg 167). According to Joel Feinberg there are some points that have made psychological egoism plausible to many people. A staple of this theory is that every action of someone is promoted by his motives which serve to improve his self-interest. This staple is applicable to all actions of humans; therefore, all actions are selfish (Feinberg 167). Proponents also agree that people feel pleasure when they do something they want. Hence, we always strive to experience pleasure and pursue other things only because of the pleasurable consequences it will yield. Self-deception is a fundamental cog in the system of psychological egoism. People often trick themselves into performing a noble act rather than acting in their self-interest. Even a simple smile conceals a motive for personal pleasure a ploy to earn a positive reaction from another human. The tale of Abraham Lincoln and the sow shows fallacy in the psychological egoism statement, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ what we really want in every case is our own pleasure, and that we pursue other things only as a means (Feinberg 170). Psychological egoists claim that Lincoln acted on the sow purely for the selfish pleasure. However, that statement is wrong; pleasure, the by-product of the altruistic act, does not have to indicate that Lincoln acted in self-interest. In reality, pleasure can be used to argue that the act was not in self-interest. In situations in which people gain pleasure from a certain act there must have been a desire for something else. Lincolns desire for the pigs, when fulfilled, understandably provided pleasure. The purpose of Lincolns desire was not pleasure, but instead pleasure was the consequence of Lincoln completing his desired act. This example of Lincoln and the sow shows that, though pleasure resulted from an altruistic act, pleasure is a consequence of desir e for something else. Similar to the disinterested benevolence of Lincoln, disinterested malevolence is unexplainable by psychological egoism. Often those who commit malevolent deeds are acting in opposition of their self-interest in order to do harm to others (Feinberg 170.) A selfish person is concerned with his own self-interests. There have been incidents in which malevolent people injure themselves in order to cause harm to others; this fact is something that psychological egoists struggle to hold in their case. There are no logical mistakes made by a psychological egoist concerning self-deception but it lacks empirically. A soldier who throws himself onto a grenade to save others is self-deceived; he believes he has some duty or virtue to save others. Psychological egoists wrongly generalize self-deception because of its predicted frequency (Feinberg 170). It is impossible to exactly know someones conscious motives to carry out an action. It is even possible for the person himself to be unaware of his motives for an action. However, it is always possible for a psychological egoist to predict that someone is acting in their own self-interest. They are able to do so because it is impossible to exactly know someones motive for something. Although they can make this claim, they cannot support it with empirical data. They lack a serious conclusion to their predictions of self-interest. They are correct in saying someone may be acting in self-interest, but that cannot be empirically supported. Another problem with this theory is its issue with correlative terms. Naturally the complete understanding of a word comes with the comprehension of the correlate. Examples include good-bad, tall-short, and large-small. Common terms in psychological egoism are selfish-unselfish and self-interest-altruism. However there is a flaw with correlative terms in this theory; psychological egoists believe that altruistic behaviors are actually acts of self-interest. This statement is imprecise because it is impossible for a correlate to mean the same as the original term. Big cannot mean small and therefore stating that altruism is the correlate of self-interest is invalid. It is widely accepted that a theory which cannot be proven falsifiable is not credible. Psychological egoism states that all people act in self-interest. This statement keeps people from questioning which actions are in self-interest. If all actions are selfish then selfish actions and actions are synonymous. Because this theory claims to be universal and unfalsifiable it is meaningless. This theory attempts to redefine terms such as altruism and selfishness. These new definitions conflict with our ordinary understandings of the terms. We know altruism to be acts that contribute to welfare of others. We also know selfish acts to be those that focus on the self rather than opposites. Based on these two definitions it seems that the two are antonyms. Conversely, psychological egoists regard these two as near synonyms. Altruistic acts are selfish according to these egoists. How can altruistic acts, which are inherently beneficial to the welfare of others, be acts that have underlying motives for self-interest? That is a question that is difficult for psychological egoists to answer. I believe that because this argument is unfalsifiable, it is irrelevant. A psychological egoist may tell me that my acts can be boiled down to simple motives for self-interest. The most basic principle of this theory is that all human actions, altruistic or not, can be simplified into an act of self-interest. This statement of psychological egoism dooms it; there can be no empirical definition of the theory. Someones motives exist in their mind whether they know it or not, according to this theory. If I attempt to tell them I act for others and not for my self-interest they will tell me that I deceive myself into thinking my acts are noble or virtuous in order to satisfy my needs. If I attempt to tell them I act for others not for my self-interest they will tell me that I deceive myself into thinking my acts are noble or virtuous in order to satisfy my needs. It can never be measured and the self-deception facet of this theory attempts to compensate for the lack of empirical informat ion. Because peoples motives exist in their minds, self-deception accounts for why we do not know we act selfishly. They will explain that what I pursue is pleasure even though I tell myself otherwise. Hence, we can never know when we act selfishly because our motives are naturally hidden. This lack of empirical data is skeptical and not sufficient enough to explain why people act in their own self-interest. It is impossible to make such a bold prediction as psychological egoism does; this theory labels altruistic acts selfish, lacks explanation for malevolent acts, lacks empirical data, defies correlate terms, is unfalsifiable, and invents new definitions for ordinary words. The biggest flaw of psychological determinism is its inability to be proven falsifiable. This theory is not empirically definable. It is a closed argument because every action on earth can be broken down into an act in self-interest and therefore is irrelevant.

Pepsi Co History and Company Analysis

Pepsi Co History and Company Analysis Pepsi Co Inc. has established itself as a dominant snack food and soft drink distributor with its PepsiCo North America, Pepsi Co International, Frito-Lay, and Quaker Oats segments. (Refer to exhibit 1) In 2007, PepsiCo became the worlds largest snack and beverage seller bringing in revenues of more than $39.5 billion and with its Frito-Lay merger brands accounting for 29 percent of the companys total revenues and 36 percent of the companys operating profits. The company emphasizes maintaining spectacular performance operations that were accomplished thorough strategies aimed at product innovation, creating and sustaining close relationships with distributors, international growth, and beneficial acquisitions. The company sported an impressive business portfolio in 2008 which included its brands such as Pepsi soft drink products, Frito-Lay, Quaker Oats products, Doritos, Gatorade, Tropicana, SoBe, Lipton Brisk tea, Propel, Hickory Sticks, SunChips Multigrain snacks, Aquafina, the acq uisition of Pizza Hutt, Gatorade, and several other consumer goods. The PepsiCo International division is an ever-growing sector in emerging markets such as Russia, The Middle East, China, and Turkey. The company grew by 9 percent in 2007 with volume gains and acquisitions that allowed the company to attain a 22 percent increase in division revenues and 15 percent increase in operating profits. (Gamble 433) The Quaker Oats division attained 2007 sales of $1.8 billion, and held a 58 percent market share in its North America division since 2006 (Gamble 435). PepsiCo has successfully diversified itself with different product lines and methods to improve those product lines so that they ensure customer satisfaction. The company has developed a diversification strategy that is executed through acquisitions of similar or complimentary products. Expanding into these markets not only creates consumer satisfaction, but increases shareholder value as well. With well established, diverse markets PepsiCo has secured business affiliations that benefit the company and allow it to compete better than they would alone. Since 2008, they have focused on new product innovations that addressed consumer health and wellness concerns. PepsiCo has diversified into a multi-business corporations, offering products through their four main business segments; PepsiCo North America, PepsiCo International, Frito-Lay, and Quaker Foods North America. Refer to exhibit 1 to see a complete list of products PepsiCo has been able to offer through their diversification stra tegy. A key competitive strength of PepsiCo is that it has close relationships and partnerships with distributors. PepsiCo has also established successful strategic acquisitions and continues its expansion into profitable markets. The company has adjusted its product innovation to create healthier products in response to consumer demands, thus creating better consumer value and a higher rate of return. The company capitalizes on its consumer research and development which helps it to apply strategies such as the Power of One strategy which increases the opportunity for consumers to purchase more than one PepsiCo and Frito-Lay product at a time on each visit. Dominant corporate strategies that support their many acquisitions of well know products have led to diversification of the company. Products are customized to suit the consumers preferences; for example, the company has designed their product tastes to country specific satisfaction. Because PepsiCo has created and maintained strong br and loyalty with its consumers, it continues to possess a significantly large portion of the food and beverage market shares.   The companys business units have been able to successfully cut costs. Frito-Lay and Quaker had savings of   $40 million for their joint distribution and Quaker Oats saved $ 160 million in innovative packing materials and sharing specific product ingredients. The company also redesigned their shipping methods to reduce stock-outs in retail stores.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many ways companies try to maximize the value of their shareholders.   Some of the strategies that CEOs of companies may use to maximize the value of their shareholders are reducing company costs while at the same time maintaining a stable revenue levels. Another way that companies maximize shareholder wealth is by partaking in acquisitions of companies. Acquirin companies however is an often risky business venture for a company to undertake. PepsiCo is an example of how acquiring various business ventures in turn benefited the shareholders of the company. The various acquisitions that PepsiCo partook in had a gross value of two billion nine hundred and twenty two dollars. This increased the revenues of PepsiCo substantially by a twenty billion dollar increase from 2000 to 2007.   This increase in revenues being brought in, in turn increases the value of the issued stock. You can see the gradual increase in the price of commo n stock in exhibit ____.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A strong driving factor in the maximization of shareholder value is the CEO Indra Nooyi. Her tenure as an employee of PepsiCo has yielded only improvements for the company as a whole. She was seen as a negotiator and involved in many of the acquisitions that were very profitable for PepsiCo. She built her reputation with various acquisitions such as the Tropicana acquisition in 1998 and the 2001 acquisition of Quaker Oats. She also spearheaded the public offering of Pepsis bottling operations. The hard work of Nooyi at PepsiCo has made the company a multi-billion dollar company. Bringing in the substantial additional revenue increased PepsiCos net worth which also made the stock of Pepsi rise in value also which is beneficial for those who invested good deals of money in this company.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PepsiCo appeared to always have a handle on their revenues and knows at what levels to price their goods at as to not lose customers base. Looking at their financial summary, exhibit ___ you will notice that from 1998 to 2007 there has been a steady increase in the revenues brought in which affects the value of the shares of common stock as well that are increasing at a corresponding rate.   Pepsi Co has proved to be a company that truly does have the resources to remain a leader in the carbonated beverage industry. Even when Coca-Cola tried to be the leader in the carbonated beverage market holding a little more than forty percent of the market shares, PepsiCo held a little over 30 percent of the market shares.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Looking at Exhibit ____ you will see the break down of PepsiCos net cash provided by operating activities. You will notice that they have a decent amount of Management operating cash flows that can be disbursed or used for benefit of the company. Part of the managers operating cash flows could be used to try and acquire more food or beverage products that would make their product base more diverse. They could also use part of the money to put towards having Pepsi or Tropicana products served in new restaurant chains. PepsiCo clearly have a surplus of money from operating activities that could be put toward their Research and development team so that they can improve the products that they are already have. Another way they could disperse their managements cash flow is by looking to acquire or merge with a manufacturer of candy or a sweet of some sort. PepsiCo is well versed in the variety of snack foods that they offer when it comes to sal ty snack spending the time and money to find a sweet snack would benefit them. This would in turn would bring in more money to Pepsi and increase their stock prices which would in turn increase the value of their shareholders. If a sweet snack was added to Pepsis line of products it would compliment the notion of wanting to eat something sweet after you eat something salty, and vise versa. This would bring in more revenue which in turn would give PepsiCo more operating cash flows to work with n the future and become a very powerful company. We do not recommend PepsiCo to divest any Quaker brands since the acquisition provided PepsiCo a stable platform to enter the health foods and isotonic beverage market. PepsiCos portfolio is established in 2011 with a good mix of carbonated beverages, isotonic beverages, fruit flavored beverages, fruit juices, salty and savory snacks, cereals and other health foods and drinks. (Refer to exhibit __ If they were to divest any Quaker Oats brands. PepsiCo could harm its portfolio and decrease its shareholder value, lower stock prices and lower economies of scale. Also, it is possible that the brand could be acquired by another company and pose as a threat to PepsiCo. We recommend PepsiCo to acquire or form a merger with RedBull. Red Bull holds a 70 percent share of the world market for energy drinks, or functional beverages, a category it was largely responsible for building (Red Bull GMBH). The biggest isotonic beverage brand Gatorade is already under PepsiCo. Adding Red Bull to their portfolio would create higher shareholder value and increase revenues. The volume share for energy drinks on the PepsiCo portfolio was only 1% in 2007. We believe that there is great potential for an increase if Red Bull is acquired or merged with. Also, with PepsiCos strategy of better-for-you and good-for-you products, PepsiCo could encourage Red Bull manufacturers to use different types of healthier sweeteners which would increase sales and publicity for Red Bull and PepsiCos health awareness. Having Red Bull on their portfolio of products would also give PepsiCo a better market share and add value to the brand for appealing to various consumer demands. Refer to exhibit___ to see PepsiCos current market share.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PepsiCos current portfolio has a wide variety of snacks, beverages, and cereal catering to all types of demands including health conscious consumers. Refer to exhibit 1 to see a full list of PepsoCos snacks,   beverage and Quaker Oats Brands. We recommend PepsiCo to acquire or merge with a candy company to add a different product to their portfolio. Mars Incorporated, has strong brands such as Mars, Snickers, MMs, Whiskas, Uncle Bens, Dove, Extra, Orbit, Flavia, Pedigree, and Royal Cannin on their portfolio. A merger or acquisition with Mars incorporated would give PepsiCo a wide variety and add to their existing brands which will make them achieve greater economies of scale. Through such a merger or acquisition, PepsiCo will be able to cater to the consumer population that they are unable to reach with their existing products. They will also be able to cater to consumers with pets with popular brands like Pedigree and Royal Cannin that are a part of Mars Incorporated.   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The corporate strategy recommended for PepsiCo is the Best Cost Provider Strategy. The essence of a best cost provider strategy is giving customers more value for the money by satifsying buyer desires for appealing features/performance/quality service and charging a lower price for these attributes compared to rivals with similar caliber product offerings (Gamble111). We recommend PepsiCo to implement this strategy into their business by cutting costs and lowering prices to cater to those who enjoy PepsiCo products but are not able to afford them any longer due to the current recession. Also offering those products at a lower price will give them a competitive edge against Coca Cola which is one of their biggest rivals. In order for the Best Cost Provider Strategy to work, a company must have the capability to incorporate attractive or upscale attributes at a lower cost than rivals (Gamble111). PepsiCo has the capability to out compete Coca Cola by focusing on their core competencies through the value chain and by eliminating costs that do not add value. In addition to the recommendations above, we also recommend PepsiCo to focus more on their Good-for-you and Better-for-you products. With an increasing population of health conscious citizens, PepsiCo should enter a line of Organic ready to eat products and beverages apart from the Naked Juice products. Quaker Oats brand is already known for healthy food like oatmeal, cereals, granola bars, and etcetra. We recommend PepsiCo to focus more attention to ready made, ready to eat foods like noodles, organic tv dinners, and quick organic lunch options. EXHIBIT 1 Breakfast Bars/Granola Bars  Ã‚ ² Quaker Chewy Granola Bars  Ã‚ ² Quaker Dipps Granola Bars  Ã‚ ² Quaker Fruit Oatmeal Bars  Ã‚ ² Quaker Fruit Oatmeal Toastables  Ã‚ ² Quaker Oatmeal-to-Go Bars  Ã‚ ² Quaker True Delights Bars  Ã‚ ² Quaker True Delights Squares Coffee Drinks:  Ã‚ ² Starbucks Doubleshot  Ã‚ ² Starbucks Frappuccino  Ã‚ ² Starbucks Iced Coffee Energy Drinks:  Ã‚ ² Amp Energy Energy Drinks  Ã‚ ² No Fear Energy Drinks  Ã‚ ² SoBe Energy Drinks Tea/Lemonade:  Ã‚ ² Brisk  Ã‚ ² Lipton Iced Tea  Ã‚ ² Lipton PureLeaf  Ã‚ ² SoBe Tea  Ã‚ ² Tazo Tea Juice/Juice Drinks:  Ã‚ ² Amp Energy Juice  Ã‚ ² Dole Juice/ Juice Drinks  Ã‚ ² Dole Plus Fortified Juices  Ã‚ ² Dole Sensation Juice Drinks  Ã‚ ² IZZE Sparkling Juice  Ã‚ ² Ocean Spray Juice/Juice Drinks  Ã‚ ² Naked Juice  Ã‚ ² SoBe Juice Drinks  Ã‚ ² SoBe Lean Diet Juice Drink  Ã‚ ² Tropicana Trop50 Beverages  Ã‚ ² Tropicana Pure Premium Juices  Ã‚ ² Tropicana Twister Juice Drinks  Ã‚ ² Tropicana Tropics Oatmeal/Cereals:  Ã‚ ² Capn Crunch Cereal  Ã‚ ² King Vitaman Cereal  Ã‚ ² Kretschmer Toasted Wheat Germ  Ã‚ ² Life Cereal  Ã‚ ² Mothers Ready-to-Eat Hot Cereals  Ã‚ ² Quaker Essentials  Ã‚ ² Quaker Grits  Ã‚ ² Quaker Instant Oatmeal  Ã‚ ² Quaker Natural Granola Cereal Oatmeal/Cereals Cont:  Ã‚ ² Quaker Oatmeal  Ã‚ ² Quaker Oatmeal Breakfast Squares  Ã‚ ² Quaker Oatmeal-to-Go  Ã‚ ² Quaker Oh!s Cereal  Ã‚ ² Quaker Puffed Rice  Ã‚ ² Quaker Shredded Wheat Cereal  Ã‚ ² Quaker Squares Cereal  Ã‚ ² Quisp Cereal Other:  Ã‚ ² Amp Energy Gum  Ã‚ ² Aunt Jemima Mixes Syrups  Ã‚ ² Quaker Baking Mixes Rice Snacks:  Ã‚ ² Quaker Large Rice Cakes  Ã‚ ² Quaker Mini Delights  Ã‚ ² Quaker True Delights Rice Snacks  Ã‚ ² Quaker Tortillaz  Ã‚ ² Quaker True Delights Fiber Crisps Side Dishes:  Ã‚ ² Near East Side Dishes  Ã‚ ² Pasta Roni Side Dishes  Ã‚ ² Rice-A-Roni Side Dishes Snacks:  Ã‚ ² Baked! Doritos Tortilla Chips  Ã‚ ² Baked! Lays Potato Crisps  Ã‚ ² Baked! Ruffles Potato Chips  Ã‚ ² Baked! Tostitos Tortilla Chips  Ã‚ ² Baken-ets Pork Skins and Cracklins  Ã‚ ² Cheetos Snacks  Ã‚ ² Chesters Popcorn  Ã‚ ² Cracker Jack Candy Coated Popcorn  Ã‚ ² Doritos Tortilla Chips  Ã‚ ² El Isleno Plantain Chips  Ã‚ ² Frito-Lay, Fritos and Cheetos Snack Crackers  Ã‚ ² Frito-Lay, Fritos and Tostitos Dips Salsas  Ã‚ ² Frito-Lay Nuts Seeds  Ã‚ ² Fritos Corn Chips  Ã‚ ² Funyons Onion Flavored Rings  Ã‚ ² Gamesa Cookies and Wafers  Ã‚ ² Grandmas Cookies  Ã‚ ² Hickory Sticks  Ã‚ ² Hostess Potato Chips  Ã‚ ² Lays Kettle Cooked Potato Chips  Ã‚ ² Lays Potato Chips  Ã‚ ² Lays Stax Potato Crisps Snacks Cont:  Ã‚ ² Matador Meat Snacks  Ã‚ ² Maui Style Potato Chips  Ã‚ ² Miss Vickys Potato Chips  Ã‚ ² Munchies Snack Mix  Ã‚ ² Munchos Potato Crisps  Ã‚ ² Natural Cheetos  Ã‚ ² Natural Lays  Ã‚ ² Natural Tostitos  Ã‚ ² Quaker Soy Crisps  Ã‚ ² Quaker Quakes  Ã‚ ² Rold Gold Pretzels  Ã‚ ² Ruffles Potato Chips  Ã‚ ² Sabritones Puffed Wheat Snacks  Ã‚ ² Santitas Tortilla Chips  Ã‚ ² Smartfood Popcorn  Ã‚ ² Spitz  Ã‚ ² Stacys  Ã‚ ² SunChips Multigrain Snacks  Ã‚ ² Tostitos Tortilla Chips  Ã‚ ² TrueNorth  Ã‚ ² Wavy Lays Potato Chips Soft Drinks:  Ã‚ ² Diet Pepsi  Ã‚ ² Diet Mountain Dew  Ã‚ ² Diet Sierra Mist  Ã‚ ² Mountain Dew  Ã‚ ² Mug Soft Drinks  Ã‚ ² Pepsi  Ã‚ ² Sierra Mist Sports Drinks:  Ã‚ ² Gatorade Prime 01  Ã‚ ² Gatorade Thirst Quencher Perform 02  Ã‚ ² G2 Perform 02  Ã‚ ² Gatorade Recover 03 Water:  Ã‚ ² Aquafina  Ã‚ ² Aquafina FlavorSplash  Ã‚ ² Aquafina Sparkling  Ã‚ ² Ethos Water  Ã‚ ² Propel Vitamin Enhanced Water Beverage  Ã‚ ² SoBe Lifewater Vitamin Enhanced Water Beverage EXHIBIT 2 PEPSICO TIMELINE 1965 PepsiCo, Inc. is founded (Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay) The new company reports sales of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $510 million and has 19,000 employees. 1966 Doritos brand tortilla chips are introduced. Pepsi enters Japan and Eastern Europe 1968 Growth through acquisition 1970 PepsiCo sales pass the $1 billion mark. The company has 36,000 employees.. Pepsi is the first company to respond to consumer preference with lightweight, recyclable, plastic bottles. 1974 PepsiCo sales pass the $2 billion mark. Pepsi-Cola becomes the first American consumer product to be produced, marketed and sold in the former Soviet Union. 1976 Pepsi-Cola becomes the single largest selling soft drink brand sold in U.S. supermarkets. 1977 Acquisition of Pizza Hut Passes $3 billion in sales. 1978 Acquisition of Taco Bell 1984 Diet Pepsi is reformulated with 100% NutraSweet. Pepsi-Cola makes advertising history as Michael Jackson and his brothers usher in a new generation of Pepsi-Cola advertising. 1985   PepsiCo is now the largest company in the beverage industry. The company has revenues of more than $7.5 billion, more than 137,000 employees. Pepsi-Cola products are available in nearly 150 countries and territories around the world. Snack food operations are in 10 international markets. 1986 Acquisition KFC Purchases 7UP International PepsiCo is listed on the Tokyo stock exchange. 1989 PepsiCo enters top 25 of Fortune 500 ranking with sales of $15.4 billion, it is number 23. The company has more than 300,000 employees. 1992- Pepsi-Cola begins distribution of Liptons line of ready-to-drink teas nationwide. 1994 PepsiCo and Starbucks form the North American Coffee Partnership to jointly develop ready-to-drink coffee beverages. PepsiCo sales reach $30.4 billion. There are 470,000 employees worldwide, making PepsiCo the third largest employer. 1997 Frito-Lay announces plans to buy the 104-year-old snack, Cracker Jack, a candy-coated mix of popcorn and peanuts from Borden Foods Corp. 1998 PepsiCo acquires Tropicana Products 2001 Acquisition of the Quaker Oats 2002 Frito-Lay announces it is eliminating trans fats from Doritos, Tostitos, and Cheetos. 2005   Quaker Introduces Weight Control Instant Oatmeal PepsiCo Donates $2 Million to Pakistan Earthquake Victims 2006 PepsiCos brand SoBe Launches New SoBe Life Water Cold Stone Creamery announces a multi-year agreement making Pepsi its exclusive beverage supplier Frito-Lay North America signed agreement with the Alliance for a Healthier Generation for a new policy for selling foods in schools Federal Trade Commission clears PepsiCo for Naked Juice Co. purchase 2008 PepsiCos diversification strategy built into three new divisions. PepsiCo agrees to buy Bulgarias Leading Nuts and Seeds Company EXHIBIT 3- SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS WEAKNESESS OPPORTUNITIES THREATS

Christopher Columbus Essay -- Christopher Columbus Essays

Christopher Columbus was an Italian navigator who sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean in search for the all-water route to Asia, but instead achieved fame for making landfall in the Caribbean Sea. Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy. His father was a weaver, and it is believed that Columbus entered this trade as a young man. In the mid-1470s he made his first trading voyage to the island of Khios, in the Aegean Sea. Settling in Lisbon, where his brother Bartholomew was working as a cartographer, he was married in 1479 to the daughter of the governor of the island of Porto Santo. In December, the Santa Maria was wrecked off the coast of Espanola.The Nina, with Columbus in command, and the Pinta began the homeward voyage in January 1493. After storms drove the ships first to the Azores and then to Lisbon, Columbus arrived in Palos, Spain, in March. He was enthusiastically received by the Spanish Monarchs. Columbus planned immediately for a second expedition, with about 1500 men, which left Spain in September 1493. They landed on the island of Dominica, Gaudeloupe. His stop at Puerto Rico is the closest he came to setting foot on land that would later form part of the United States, the main foundation for the claim that Columbus â€Å"discovered America.† When Columbus returned to Isabella on September 29, he found that serious dissension had developed among the colonists, a number of whom were already on the route to Spain to press their grievances. One of the major...

Essay --

Criminal Justice Extra Credit Essay Nibedita Saha 16th Dec 2013 P100 â€Å"The House I Live In† By: Eugene Jarecki â€Å"The House I Live In† is a 2012 documentary film by Eugune Jarecki about America’s ongoing drug war, which caused chaos that influenced many parts of the society such as the racial ethnic groups, families, financial aspects, foreign immigrants, as well as politics. The United States of America and its’ drug war results in it being the number one longest and most widespread drug abuser in the world. Being 5% of the world’s population, the US prison holds about 25% of all prisoners. Women were arrested as the highest per capita rate in the nation. The biggest drug industry is within the US with 10-16 billion USD spent on illegal drugs spending. The aim is to get a drug free America, however with the highest number of prisoners being 2.3 million, it is evident that an increasing number of younger kids wish to get involved in this drug line and smuggle/sell/use drugs. This obviously results in a further build up of the war on drugs. This drug war started through propaganda, which is misleading information. It is explained that the entire game was about cops and survival, something like a good guys versus bad guys game. The law enforcement blames it on the community, calling it corrupt with no morality. Furthermore, they accuse laws of using drug laws to deteriorate the society. Why are African Americans chosen as the targeted group that’s inordinately prosecuted? Is it due to racism or does this racial group really commit the most crimes in America? Most victims of this extensive drug war are young blacks, who are chased with a passion. An example would be Maurice, an African American who has been arrested for possession ... ... and so laws against cocaine were created in order to return the whites all their jobs. Punishments for crack cocaine, mostly used by blacks were much harsher than powder cocaine, used by whites. Moreover, politics has shaped this drug war profoundly. President Reagan’s wife’s slogan â€Å"just say no† impacted the drug war just like her husband who signed the mandatory minimum penalty. With numerous impacts from different areas of the community such as racial ethnic groups, families, financial aspects, foreign immigrants, and politics, the drug was is an ongoing epidemic that brings more negative influence to the society than positive. Many different methods are being used by the correctional services to prevent the drug wars from getting worse and to eventually put an end to it. This is being done for the benefit of our communities and hopefully it will be successful.

Misic as communication Essay

I believe music on its own is a letter and it meant to communicate to us as people. The kind of music you listen is who you are, its either you are rough, soft or just tempo. Music can also be used as a mood enhancer, when you are sad and listen to sad music you will remain sad but if you are sad and listen to positive music it will take you to some place else and make you happy. Its the one thing that can bring people together even if they don`t understand the language. When people are happy they dance and its really fun because everyone dances anyway they want because the song speaks to all but in different ways. It is about the message which was the music want to conveys on us. There are musics composed to help people to live on their own style. Infinitely, music is the every beat that pumps every heart to live. Music as what other say, the only free thing that would inspired you even your alone sitting along the corner of desperate world. Music is very important to all it can hea l those broken.You can be able to see the light because of music.It will pamper everything it makes your life easier and comfortable. In generation music will change it depends on how life you have,in times of sadness and sorrow you can always be feel that the music is one of the bridge in other door to awake and open their mind. They said,that this is the window of the soul.You can share your feelings by expressing it through the different instruments that we have. Music has an interesting effect on people. It sets moods, alters moods†¦ I saw an amazing documentary called â€Å"The Musical Brain† and it’s all about the connection between music and the brain. In it, there were many artists (Sting from the Police, Michael Bublà ©, Wyclef Jean, Feist) talking about how powerful music is. It’s crazy! And, There are so many styles and genres out  there. You can never know enough about music and how much of an impact it has on our actions and behaviour. I love it. An enormous chunk of my day is spent listening to music, acutally.

Low Voter Turnout in the United States Essay

Throughout American history, there has been a steady decline in voter turnout. Not only has this been â€Å"humiliating† for the United States, low voter turnout has been and always will be a threat to American Democracy. The concept of democracy is dependent on citizens actively participating in elections and voting to select representatives for public office. The government cannot be representative of the people, unless the people elect its representatives. Voter turnout is a major indicator of how citizens view their electoral system, and whether or not they believe that the system is working. There are numerous factors that impede voter turnout, including: citizens’ political attitudes, demographic factors, and the structure of the electoral system. The established registration process is one of the main causes of low voter turnout in the United States. Unlike many democracies, â€Å"the United States places the burden of registration on the individual† (Vanishing Voter, 7). There are no penalties for citizens that do not register or vote in American elections. Some propose that requiring citizens to vote and imposing penalties on those who fail to do so will increase voter turnout. The dilemma with this proposal is that it is fundamentally undemocratic. Citizens of democratic societies are promised the right to vote. In guaranteeing the right to vote, citizens are guaranteed the right not to vote as well. There are better solutions to the problem of low voter turnout in the United States than enacting compulsory voting laws. America has not established a national system of automatic registration; procedures for voter registration differ from state to state. A universal system of voter registration would make it much more simple for people to vote. The problem with this solution is that automatically registering people to vote does not imply that they will actually go out and vote. Six states have enacted a good solution, same day registration, which has been proven to increase voter turnout anywhere from 10 to 17 percent (Donovan, 182). Same day voter registration allows qualified citizens to register to vote on the day that elections are held. Because many states do not allow same day registration, many Americans do not take the time and effort to register in the first place; same day registration helps to solve this  problem. The registration process and electoral system also creates a problem of convenience. Not only is the registration process inconvenient, Election Day itself is problematic. Election day is held on a Tuesday, impeding the majority of the population from voting due to work-related duties and responsibilities. The solution for this problem is to make Election Day a national holiday. If citizens did not have the responsibility to be at work, they would be much more likely to find time and take the effort to go out and vote. Other solutions have been offered, including: extending the voting period, enacting absentee ballot systems, and voting by mail. While all of these other solutions have made it easier, cheaper and more convenient for citizens to vote, the costs do not fully outweigh the benefits. In any kind of early voting solution, the biggest concern is that early voters vote without knowing all of the significant information needed to make a well-informed vote. Many occurrences and revelations come at the end of the campaigns and can no longer influence voters that have already voted and cannot change their selection. A voter’s political attitude is the biggest indicator of whether or not he or she will vote. â€Å"Interest in the election, concern over outcome, feelings of civic pride, and political efficacy [all] affect how people vote† (Wayne, 83). Throughout American history, there has been a decline in partisan identification. Party allegiance is a stimulus for voting. Since citizens are not as loyal to partisanship as they were in the past, they have less incentive to actually go out and vote in elections. â€Å"As a group, independents are 12 percent less likely to vote than are strong partisans† (Wayne, 83). Along with the decline in party identification, interest in political campaigns has been declining steadily overtime as well. In today’s society, politics is forced to compete with so many other things in the media or at home for people’s attention. Media audiences are more interested in human-interest and celebrity stories than they are in politics. Because of this, election coverage in the media has greatly declined. The media’s coverage of the election is dominated by the use of  negative advertising and attack journalism. The frequent use of negative advertising in the media has played a role in America’s declining voter turnout. These negative advertisements repel potential voters; causing them to lose interest in the political campaign. Along with negative advertising, the lack of competition between candidates has also decreased political interests and led to low voter turnout. Low political efficacy has greatly reduced voter turnout in the United States. Voter efficacy is the belief that one’s vote counts and that voters can change the way government works or public officials behave (Wayne, 83). There are many factors affecting voter efficacy, including education and income. Income plays a major role in voter turnout. With the expansion of poverty in the United States, the gap between the rich and the poor is steadily growing. Citizens of lower income typically have lower voter efficacy. They are also less concerned with the outcome of the election than citizens of higher income levels, therefore, many of these people simply choose not to vote because they feel that they will not be affected by the outcome of the election. Income, education, and likelihood to vote are all positively correlated; more educated citizens have higher income levels and are much more likely to vote. Education is the greatest influence on voting behavior. â€Å"It provides people with the skills for processing and evaluating information; for perceiving differences among the parties, candidates, and issues; and for relating these differences to personal values and behavior† (Wayne, 83). The more educated a citizen is, the more interested they are in the election and the more concerned they are with the outcome. Educated citizens also have a great sense of civic pride and higher voter efficacy. All of these factors combined lead to a much higher likelihood of a person to actually turnout and vote. To increase political education, some propose conducting citizen education campaigns. The goal of these campaigns is to educate the people on the benefits and responsibility involved with voting. The main problem with this solution is that it is easier said than done. It is very hard to persuade  nonvoters to take the time and make the effort to educate themselves on the reasons why they should vote. A better way to increase education and voter turnout is to encourage grassroots campaigns. These â€Å"get-out-the-vote† campaigns help motivate interest in elections with nonvoters and can influence them to vote, increasing voter turnout. Neither conducting citizen education campaigns nor encouraging grassroots campaigns can promise an increase in voter turnout, but both can help influencing citizens to vote and possibly lead to higher voter turnout in the United States. Low voter turnout is a big problem in the United States. According to Wayne, â€Å"Low turnout suggests that people may be alienated, lack faith in the candidate and parties, think that the government is and will remain unresponsive to their needs and interests, and believe that they cannot achieve change through the electoral process† (Wayne, 85). The voter turnout problem is very hard to solve because low voter turnout itself leads to less voting. The numerous factors that impede voter turnout include: citizens’ political attitudes, demographic factors, and the structure of the electoral system. Some of the impediments are structural, but the most influential impediments are caused by other factors, such as the media, political campaigns, and the American citizens. Overall, the benefits of increasing voter turnout greatly outweigh the costs of doing so. While some proposed solutions may work better than others, it is most important to change voter’s attitudes about politics and make it more convenient for American’s to both register and vote. Higher voter turnout will reverse the relentless cycle of low voter turnout and help lead to a more representative democracy. Bibliography 1. The Road to the White House 2008. 8th edition. Stephen J. Wayne. 20082. Reforming the Republic: Democratic Institutions for the New America. Todd Donowan and Shaun Bowler. 2004

Creating Realities Essay

Different reasons pull Marlow and Henderson into the jungle. Here they develop a struggle to find themselves and their own reality. Henderson and Marlow correlate individual meanings to experiences in order to gain a perspective of their own reality. In Heart of Darkness Marlow there is a real contrast between what is light and what is dark. These contrasts work within the reality of Marlow’s conception of what he considered right and wrong. Light represents for him what he is not. The light represents something unknown while the darkness was himself, knowledge of the impurity of the world and everything around him. Marlow developed an odd phrasing of what he considered his own reality. The meaning that Marlow assigned to his journey into the jungle and the knowledge about himself that he obtained from this journey developed this perspective. He discovered that what he always thought had been black referring it to the unknown was whiter than himself. The main meaning for Marlow being in the jungle was the â€Å"Fascination for the Abomination† that he developed for the something unknown. He developed this fascination for Kurtz. For Marlow, Kurtz was an idea that became part of Marlow’s reality. Marlow based his reality on ideas with individual meaning like the contact with the savages or the journey in the river that led him to find himself. Marlow, in a miserable realization, discovers that the meaning of life is personal. Only he will be able to understand himself and no one else will be able to do it. He describes his reality as one built by appearance in which the contact created between him and the outside world is based on no meaning. He’d conclusion is that† We live as we dream, alone†. (Conrad, 97) Marlow was afraid of the jungle, but more than the jungle he was afraid about what he can discover about himself inside it. Marlow was afraid of discovered what at the end he could not avoid to acknowledge, he was afraid of discovered that he can try as hard as he can to fit in the society but the fact that he will never know himself, as well as he never will know other people is not going to let him fit in. He realizes during his journey that all the knowledge that he have about others was created by appearances. Like Marlow, Henderson, went through the jungle trying to relieve the pain created by being trapped between his own reality and the one created by the larger society and his own within it. In the jungle and in the savages, Henderson finds the key to finding a way to create stability between the two realities. This involved having truth for himself. The first meaningful experience that Henderson experienced in the jungle was with Willatale, the queen of a savage tribe. This has a great impact on his effort to build his own reality. Through this experience Henderson discovers the wisdom of â€Å"being† and not â€Å"becoming†(Bellow, 160). Henderson discovers for the first time the truth that becomes the essential meaning for his reality. Henderson also realizes that there is no perfect being and that everyone suffers; but the only solution to this suffering is how much meaning one assigns to it in contrast to how much one assigns other experiences. A key to Henderson’s reality was the discovery of meaning that he found in Atti, a lion that Dahfu, the king of a second savage tribe, make him imitate her in order to learn a lesson. He absorbed form Atti a lot of things such as courage, poise, and self-confidence. The teaching allows him to awake his human longing. The thing which follows Henderson’s human longing awakening is his ability to feel that he is growing to be a newborn man as he says: his was where my heart had sent me, with its clamor. â€Å"This is where I ended up†¦. For I had claws, and hair and some teeth, and I was bursting with hot noise, but when all this had come forth, there was still a remainder. That last thing of all was my human longing†(Bellow ,267) He discovers that the importance in accepting who he was in order to relieve the pain and suffering. He created a reality in which the main meaning was the truth about himself as a â€Å"being† person not as a â€Å"becoming one. † He discovered that being human and being his own person was a good thing in the contrast to what he had thought before the meaningful experiences that he lived through. Henderson and Marlow both realize that what guides humans and their behavior are the impulse of an idea that means that ideas propose solutions for intern necessities that make beings behave in a certain way. They guide us to live experiences that build our reality. This idea was the same idea that led Henderson to Africa, led him to explore for himself this idea which was the perpetrator of his new reality. Reality is the creation of human beings based on their own experiences in which the meaning of each one can be positive, like Henderson’s, or negative, like Marlow’s. 3 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Joseph Conrad section.

Fairchild Water Technologies, Inc. Essay

I. INTRODUCTION Fairchild Water Technologies was founded in 1980 by Eugene Fairchild. The company’s first product was a desalinator used by mobile home parks in Florida to remove salt from well water supplied to residents. As the desalinator became a huge success, the company expanded into the coastal region’s adjacent to the company’s headquarters in Tampa, Florida, and then to desert areas in the southwestern United States. By 2002, they had expanded their product lines to include desalinators, particle filters, ozonators, ion exchange resins, and purifiers. Their products were generally priced higher than their competitors, but regarded to be superior in terms of performance and quality. In the year 2000, Fairchild Water Technologies was expected to have revenues of $400 million, and an estimated profit of $50 million. For the past five years, they posted a 12 percent growth in their annual sales. In 1985, the company managed to start its exports to Mexico, Belize, and later to water bottlers in Germany. By 1990, due to the rapid growth in export sales, the company established its International Division. Sales in the International Division grew to $140 million in 2000. About 50 percent of International sales came from Latin and South America, $30 million from Europe, and $40 million from South Asia and Australia. In 1995, the company’s Frankfurt, Germany office stressed the need to develop and market products that target consumer households. The first idea was to develop a home water filter. By late 1995, the company was able to develop two models that were designed in the U.S. and introduced in Germany, Poland, Hungary, Romania, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. The products were greatly successful. But, the quality of water in developing countries required a purifier instead of filters. Thus, in late 1999, company executives initiated the development of a water purifier which was given the brand name â€Å"Delight†. The Delight purifier was able to remove â€Å"reasonable levels† of sediments, organic and inorganic chemicals, microbials, cysts, and unpleasant tastes and odors. Reasonable levels are those described by several World Health Organization (WHO) reports as appropriate for potable waters. Also, engineers had repeatedly assured Mr. Chatterjee, the company’s international liaison, that laboratory testing showed no product failure after 5,000 hours of continuous use. Chatterjee used his expertise in the Indian market to direct engineers into pursuing a â€Å"point of use† design instead of a â€Å"point of entry† design. Moreover, Chatterjee provided engineers with some recommendations such as the ability to add a small battery that will act a power source in case of power failure. Additional recommendations included the ability to add fluoride, vitamins, and flavors, flow rates, dimensions, and storage capacity. Through consumer surveys, Chatterjee was able to determine a market preference for the countertop design over the wall- mount design. II MARKETING ISSUES Fairchild Water Technologies is seeking to enter the Indian Market in the water purifier product category. They have had a successful track record in designing and marketing home purifiers in European and South American Markets. In this case, they are trying to enter the market in a developing market that is in the process Liberalization. Accordingly, they are facing multiple marketing issues that are critical for the success or failure of their product. The list of marketing issues includes the following: 1. Select to forgo any entry into the Indian market 2. Enter the market under a licensing agreement 3. Enter the market by utilizing a joint venture and a skimming pricing method 4. Enter the market by utilizing a joint venture and a penetration pricing method In addition to these primary marketing issues, Fairchild Water Technologies had to decide whether they want to target urban areas or rural areas where the quality of water is poorer and where 80% of the population lives. It was  determined earlier that the company would forgo the rural opportunity for now, due to the lack of a much needed infrastructure. Also, the company established an approach to manufacture in India, where labor is much cheaper when compared to the United States. However, the company would import few components that are critical for operations. Finally, it was recommended that Fairchild should seek an Indian partner that is big enough to have a distribution and manufacturing infrastructure, but not too large where it commands the direction of the product line. III. SITUATION ANALYSIS TASKS A. Buyer Behavior Many Indians emphasize the need for and improved water quality. Newspapers, consumer advocates, government officials, and the general public are aware of the poor quality of Indian water. The majority of Indians have no choice but to consumer the water that is accessible to them. But, better educated, wealthier, and health-conscious Indians took some measures to improve the quality of water that is consumed by their families. It is estimated the number of such households is around 40 million. Health-conscious households are similar to middle- and upper-middle class households in the U.S. and Europe. They cherish convenience and product variety, and consider consumption of material goods as a means to higher quality of life. Moreover, Chatterjee’s research suggests that product performance was important consumers. Some product characteristics that were cited include the ability to remove sediments, bacteria and viruses, capacity, safety, and foot print space. Purchase price was important for market segments that boiled water, boiled and filters, or only filtered their water. The third most important factor was the ease of installation and service, along with style and appearance. The least important factor was warranty and the availability of financing. Finally, there was an agreement among all segments that the purifier should have a warranty between 18 and 24 months, and to perform between 5 and 10 years without any issues. B Customer Segmentation The Indian market could be segmented by consumer’s ability and willingness to use a water purification device. Research shows that there are 40 million households that include middle- and upper middle class families, that value quality and a European / American lifestyle. In addition there is an untapped market segment in the rural areas that have a need for water purifiers, but are either isolated or do not have the means to buy a water purifier. C Competitive Market Mainly, Fairchild Water Technologies will be competing for market share with companies that manufacture and sell water purifiers. But, there is also a need to address competitive methods that are currently being used by health-conscious Indian consumers. For instance, fifty percent of the target market utilizes a traditional method to purify water. A maid, cook, or family member would boil two to five liters of water, allow it to cool, and transfer the bottles to a refrigerator. Boiling water is seen as inexpensive, effective against dangerous bacteria, and ingrained in people’s traditions. In fact, many consumers consider it to be more effective than any other product on the market. However, boiling affected the tastiness of water and made it â€Å"flat†. Also, boiling was considered to be burdensome, time-consuming, and ineffective in removing physical residues and unpleasant odors. Ten percent of this target market took an extra step and boiled water through â€Å"candle filters†, despite knowing that recontamination could occur. At the same time, about 40 percent of the target market used a mechanical device to improve the quality of water. Half of this group used candle filters because of their low price and ease of use. The candle filter is made of two containers that sit on top of each other; the top container has one or more porous ceramic cylinders known as candles. Candle filters stored between 15 and 25 liters of water and cost between Rs. 350 for small plastic  models to Rs. 1,100 for a large stainless-steel model. However, candle filter were slow, required cleaning, and needed candle replacement at least once per year. Half of consumers that work on improving the quality of their water use â€Å"water purifiers†, which are considered to be more sophisticated than traditional candle filters. Water purifiers utilize three processing stages. First, sediments are removed, followed by odors and colors, and finally bacteria and viruses. While Fairchild’s engineers were skeptical about the efficiency of these products, they agreed that they are more helpful than candle filters. In fact, candle filters were proven to be ineffective in removing bacteria and viruses. Water purifiers were made from stainless steel and sold anywhere between Rs. 2,000 and Rs. 7,000. Ten percent of the target market did not use any of these procedures and thought that their water quality was acceptable. Overall, Catterjee believed that 90 percent of the target market could be induced to change their current purification method. In addition to traditional water purification methods, it was determined that almost 100 companies competed for share in the Indian home water filters and purifiers market. The most established water purifier was Eureka Forbes, which was established in 1982 as a joint venture between a Swedish company and an Indian company. The company marketed water purifiers, vacuum cleaners, mixers, and grinders. Aquaguard, the brand name used for purifiers, was highly established and many consumers mistakenly used it to refer to the entire product category. Aquaguard was the market leader, but its manufacturing company had introduced a new product called â€Å"Puresip† that used polyiodide resin instead of ultraviolet rays to kill bacteria and viruses, which meant that water, could be stored for later use. Also, â€Å"Puresip† did not require any electricity to operate, but it was sold in small home appliance stores instead of a direct sales force. Aquaguard sold for approximately R s. 5,500, while Puresip sold for 2,000. Puresip sales were growing at a much faster rate than Aquaguard. Aquaguard was mounted on a kitchen wall, and required plumbing and a two  meter long power source. The unit would stop functioning if power supply dropped to 190 volts or lower. The flow rate was considered to be slow at one liter per minute, and had enough carbon to last only for one week. Aquaguard targeted households that make more than Rs. 70,000 per year, and spent 11% of its sales revenues (Rs. 120 million) on sales activities; about Rs. 100 million were spent on sales commissions, and about Rs. 1 million was spent on advertising. Eureka Forbes was well established, had a highly motivated and well managed sales force. However, they had limited reach in rural areas that represents 80% of the country’s population. Another direct competitor is Ion Exchange and its home water purifiers with the brand name ZERO-B (Zero-Bacteria). In 1985, the company became a wholly owned Indian company, and it serves customers in a diverse group of industries including thermal power stations, fertilizers, refineries, textiles, automobiles, and home water purifiers. Zero-B used a halogenated resin technology that was able to remove impurities, eliminated odors and tastes with carbon, and killed bacteria using iodine. The unit stored 20 liters of water for eight hours without the risk of recontamination, and sold for Rs. 2,000, but required a yearly replacement of halogenated resin at Rs. 200. Chatterjee estimated the Zero-B had about 7% market share, and lacked consumer awareness, had limited distribution, and limited advertising. There were rumors that Zero-B intended to implement door-to-door sales strategy with an expected marketing expenditure of Rs. 3 million. The third and most recent competitor to enter the Indian market was Singer, a subsidiary of the Singer Company located in the United States. The company provides a variety of products to the Indian market such as sewing machines, irons, mixers, toasters, and color televisions. The company had estimated sales of about Rs. 900 million. The Singer Company manufactured a home purifier called â€Å"Aquarius†. The product sold for Rs. 4,000, required no electricity, had a single countertop model, had a flow rate of 3.8 liters per minute, and a life span of 4 to 6 years. The product looked impressive, according to Chatterjee, and was  described as â€Å"state of the art† by a trade article. The resin used by Aquarius was developed by NASA and was proven 100 percent effective against bacteria and viruses. Aquarius had hoped to sell 40,000 units over the next two years. Singer’s distribution channels were superior to competitors and included 210 company owned showrooms located in major urban areas around the country. The product was also sold by 3,000 independent dealers, who were supplied by 70 distributors. Distributors earned a margin of 12 percent of the retail price, while dealers earned a margin of 5 percent. Along with many other products, Zero-B and singer accounted for 60,000 units in sales for the year 2000, while the remaining 190,000 units were sold by Aquarius and Puresip. E SWOT 1 Strengths a. Proven track record in exploring and entering new markets b. Superior product quality c. Market knowledge and ability to produce innovative products 2. Weaknesses a. Lack of knowledge about the Indian market b. Large segments in the market live in remote areas c. Variable needs in the market, depending on the city or metropolitan area d. Lack of established manufacturing and distribution capabilities 3. Opportunities a. Return on assets in India averages 18% compared to 11% in the U.S. b. Low wages, and central location to wealthier South Asian Countries c. Liberalization trends in India and market development d. There is no significant dominance by one brand 4. Threats a. Legal environment and expensive litigation b. Large number of competitors c. Some established brands with extensive knowledge about the Indian market IV. STRATEGY A. Strategy recommendation & decision a. Select to forgo any entry into the Indian market ADVANTAGES Avoid the risk of entering the market in a developing country, where there is still some uncertainty about the extent of economic liberalization. Avoid competing with over 100 products that are currently available in India. Expand market presence in countries such as Mexico, Germany, Poland, etc. DISADVANTAGES Forgo the opportunity to sell products for over 40 million households. Lose the opportunity to have large profit margins Lose the opportunity to manufacture in a country where labor is cheap Limited market presence in South Eastern Asia, where the majority of the world’s population lives. Increase market presence and brand awareness. b Enter the Indian market under a licensing agreement ADVANTAGES Low capital investment is required Higher return on investment and lower amount of risk Huge market potential and opportunities to expand in rural areas DISADVANTAGES Limited control of the manufacturing and distribution process Forgo the potential of large gains in exchange of a royalty fee Limited exposure to the selling process in a developing market Limited ability to manufacture additional product lines c Enter the Indian market through a joint venture and by utilizing a skimming pricing approach ADVANTAGES Larger potential gains and a 50/50 split in profits Ability to influence manufacturing and distribution strategies Ability to expand into rural areas and increase manufacturing capacity Develop a market knowledge for growing and developing economies DISADVANTAGES Requires a large investment Higher prices than competitors Uncertainty of markets in developing countries High competition d Enter the Indian market through a joint venture and by utilizing a penetration pricing approach ADVANTAGES Profits are split between the two companies Ability to control manufacturing and distribution Developing market with large potential Higher margins and low manufacturing costs Gain market exposure and proximity to emerging economies DISADVANTAGES Requires a large capital investment Uncertainty of developing markets Lower pricing strategy and lower contribution margin per unit sold Ability to find the right company to partner with Recommended Plan of Action: Fairchild Water Technologies should pursue a licensing agreement with an Indian company. B Goals and Objectives a. Pursue a licensing agreement with a partner that is able to sell at least 75,000 per year b. Increase sales by 10 % on an annual basis C Target Market The target markets for Fairchild Water Technologies are the 40 million households in India, which cherish a comfortable, convenient, and healthy lifestyle, and are similar in many aspects to middle- and upper-middle class households in the U.S. and Europe. Also, Fairfield Water Technologies should target consumers that move from lower to middle class, as the Indian market develops and continues to grow. D Marketing Mix a. Product / Price Strategy Fairchild Water Technologies should manufacture a portable purifier that offers Indian consumers the convenience and effectiveness of a quality purifier. The purifier should have a backup battery, a selling price of Rs. 5,000, and a proven ability to kill bacteria/viruses, fast flow rate, and allow for the ability of storing water without the risk of contamination. b. Distribution and Sales By entering into a licensing agreement, Fairchild Water Technologies decreases the amount of risk, but it has less control over the distribution and sales of its product. Fairchild could seek a partner that is willing and have the capability to sell 75,000 units on an annual basis, with a 10% increase in the units sold for every year. This approach would still guarantee Fairchild Water Technologies some sizable profits. c. Advertising and Promotion By selecting a licensing strategy, Fairchild Water Technologies would not commit itself into having an advertising budget. On the other hand, the licensee would be obliged to advertise the product in order to meet the minimum quota for annual sales. This allows Fairchild to have an average profit of 300 Rs without committing any resources into salaries or advertising budget. E Control Plan The licensing agreement would adopt a language that guarantees Fairchild Water Technologies annual sales of 75,000 units, with a 10% increase in units sold thereafter. The agreement should have an opt out clause for both parties after three years, while holding the licensee to infringe on the technology and patent if they choose to opt out of the agreement. Fairchild must monitor sales on a monthly basis, and conduct meetings in order to ensure that sales in the Indian market are heading in the right direction.